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Hydrological Cycle and Drainage Basins
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Hydrological Cycle and Drainage Basins
Hydrological Cycle and Drainage Basins
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1
Question
What percentage of water on Earth is freshwater?
Page 2
Answer
Only 2.5% of the water on Earth is freshwater.
2
Question
What percentage of freshwater is stored in glaciers and ice sheets?
Page 2
Answer
68.7% of freshwater is stored in glaciers and ice sheets.
3
Question
What percentage of freshwater is groundwater?
Page 2
Answer
30% of freshwater is groundwater.
4
Question
What percentage of freshwater remains in rivers, soil moisture, lakes, and atmosphere?
Page 2
Answer
The remaining 1.3% of freshwater is in rivers, soil moisture, lakes and the atmosphere.
5
Question
Is the hydrological cycle a closed or open system?
Page 2
Answer
The hydrological cycle is a closed system.
6
Question
How is water managed in the hydrological cycle?
Page 2
Answer
Water is constantly recycled through the system.
7
Question
What are stores in the hydrological cycle?
Page 3
Answer
Stores are places where water is held for some time.
8
Question
Name examples of stores in the hydrological cycle.
Page 3
Answer
Water vapour/droplets in clouds, puddles/lakes/rivers/reservoirs, interception on leaves, aquifers, ice/snow, seas/oceans.
9
Question
What is interception in the hydrological cycle?
Page 3
Answer
Precipitation prevented from reaching ground by leaves or branches.
10
Question
What are aquifers?
Page 3
Answer
Permeable rocks such as limestone and sandstone which can hold water.
11
Question
What are flows in the hydrological cycle?
Page 3
Answer
Flows are how water is moved around the hydrological cycle.
12
Question
Define evaporation in the hydrological cycle.
Page 4
Answer
Change of water from liquid to gas (water vapour) due to heat from sun.
13
Question
Define condensation in the hydrological cycle.
Page 4
Answer
When water cools and changes from water vapour into liquid (droplets), forming clouds.
14
Question
What is transpiration?
Page 4
Answer
When plants release water vapour from their leaves.
15
Question
Define evapotranspiration.
Page 4
Answer
Combined transfer of water vapour from Earth's surface and plants.
16
Question
What is precipitation?
Page 4
Answer
Transfer of water from atmosphere to Earth's surface as hail, sleet, snow or rain.
17
Question
Define overland flow.
Page 4
Answer
Any water flowing across Earth's surface.
18
Question
What is infiltration?
Page 4
Answer
When water moves down from surface into soil.
19
Question
Define percolation.
Page 4
Answer
Transfer of water down into rocks and aquifers.
20
Question
What is through flow?
Page 4
Answer
Movement of water through soil between groundwater store (water table) and surface.
21
Question
Define groundwater flow.
Page 4
Answer
Flow of water through rock.
22
Question
How does infiltration differ from percolation?
Page 4
Answer
Infiltration is into soil; percolation follows into rocks after infiltration.
23
Question
In the worked example, which statements are correct about flows?
Page 5
Answer
Groundwater flow moves water through the rocks. Infiltration occurs when water soaks into the soil.
24
Question
What is a drainage basin?
Page 6
Answer
Major part of hydrological system draining all water landing on Earth's surface.
25
Question
Is a drainage basin open or closed system?
Page 6
Answer
A drainage basin is an open system.
26
Question
Why are drainage basins unique?
Page 6
Answer
Different in shape, size, rock types, relief, land use.
27
Question
Define watershed in drainage basin.
Page 6
Answer
Boundary between drainage basins.
28
Question
What is a river source?
Page 6
Answer
Furthest point from mouth where river starts; upland lake, spring or glacier.
29
Question
Define confluence.
Page 6
Answer
Place where two or more streams/rivers meet.
30
Question
What is a tributary?
Page 6
Answer
Stream or river flowing into larger stream or river.