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Biological Classification and Cell Structure
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Biological Classification and Cell Structure
Biological Classification and Cell Structure
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1
Question
What defines movement as a characteristic of living organisms?
Page 1
Answer
An action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place.
2
Question
How does respiration function in cells according to these notes?
Page 1
Answer
Chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism.
3
Question
Why is sensitivity important for organisms?
Page 1
Answer
Ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment.
4
Question
How does reproduction ensure continuity of species?
Page 1
Answer
Processes that make more of the same kind of organism.
5
Question
What role does excretion play in maintaining organism balance?
Page 1
Answer
Removal of the waste products of metabolism and substances in excess of requirements.
6
Question
How does nutrition support organism functions?
Page 1
Answer
Taking in of materials for energy, growth and development.
7
Question
Why do classification systems group organisms by shared features?
Page 1
Answer
Organisms can be classified into groups by the features that they share.
8
Question
What defines a species in biological terms?
Page 1
Answer
Group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring.
9
Question
How does the binomial system name organisms?
Page 1
Answer
Internationally agreed system where scientific name made up of two parts showing genus and species.
10
Question
Why do classification systems reflect evolutionary relationships?
Page 1
Answer
Classification systems aim to reflect evolutionary relationships.
11
Question
How are DNA base sequences used in classification?
Page 1
Answer
Sequences of bases in DNA used as means of classification. Groups sharing recent ancestor have more similar sequences.
12
Question
What are the five kingdoms of living organisms?
Page 2
Answer
Animal, Plant, Fungus, Protoctista, Prokaryote.
13
Question
How do animal kingdom cells differ from plant cells?
Page 2
Answer
Cells have nucleus but no cell walls or chloroplasts. Feed on organic substances made by other organisms.
14
Question
What distinguishes plant kingdom cells and feeding?
Page 2
Answer
Cells have nucleus, cell walls of cellulose, often chloroplasts. Feed by photosynthesis.
15
Question
Why can't fungi photosynthesize like plants?
Page 2
Answer
Usually multicellular but some unicellular like yeast. Have nuclei and cell walls not cellulose. No chlorophyll. Feed by digesting waste organic material.
16
Question
What varies in Protoctista compared to other kingdoms?
Page 2
Answer
Multicellular or unicellular. Cells have nucleus, may or may not have cell wall and chloroplasts. Some photosynthesize, others feed on organics.
17
Question
How do prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in structure?
Page 2
Answer
Usually unicellular. No nucleus. Cell walls not cellulose.
18
Question
What DNA features characterize prokaryotes?
Page 3
Answer
No mitochondria. Circular loop of DNA free in cytoplasm. Often have plasmids.
19
Question
What defines vertebrates among animals?
Page 3
Answer
Animals that have a backbone.
20
Question
How do fish differ from other vertebrates in respiration and reproduction?
Page 3
Answer
Vertebrates with scaly skin. Gills throughout life. Fins. Eggs no shells, laid in water.
21
Question
What life cycle changes distinguish amphibians?
Page 3
Answer
Vertebrates with skin no scales. Eggs no shells in water. Tadpoles in water with gills, adults often on land with lungs.
22
Question
Why do reptiles lay eggs on land unlike amphibians?
Page 3
Answer
Vertebrates with scaly skin. Lay eggs with soft shells on land.
23
Question
What adaptations make birds suited for flight?
Page 3
Answer
Feathers and sometimes scales. Beak. Front limbs wings (not all fly). Eggs hard shells.
24
Question
How do mammals nourish their young differently from other vertebrates?
Page 3
Answer
Hair on skin. Young develop in uterus attached by placenta. Females have mammary glands producing milk.
25
Question
What distinguishes placental mammals from other egg-layers?
Page 4
Answer
Young develop in uterus attached to mother by placenta.
26
Question
What defines arthropods as a group?
Page 4
Answer
Animals with joined legs and no backbone.
27
Question
How do insects differ from other arthropods in body and legs?
Page 4
Answer
Arthropods with three pairs jointed legs. Two pairs wings (may vestigial). One pair antennae. Body head-thorax-abdomen. Breathe tracheae.
28
Question
What leg and antenna count sets crustaceans apart?
Page 4
Answer
Arthropods more than four pairs jointed legs. Two pairs antennae.
29
Question
Why do arachnids lack antennae unlike other arthropods?
Page 4
Answer
Arthropods four pairs jointed legs. No antennae. Body cephalothorax-abdomen.
30
Question
What body structure characterizes myriapods?
Page 4
Answer
Body many similar segments. Each segment jointed legs. One pair antennae.