/
Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors and Penicillins
Save to my account
Sign up
Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors and Penicillins
Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors and Penicillins
Study
1
Question
What is the main target of bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitors?
Page 1
Answer
Bacterial cell wall synthesis.
2
Question
Which drugs inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis according to the notes?
Page 1
Answer
Cycloserine, bacitracin, vancomycin, beta-lactams.
3
Question
What is the most common type of beta-lactam antibiotic listed?
Page 1
Answer
Penicillins.
4
Question
What structure do beta-lactam antibiotics target?
Page 1
Answer
Beta-lactam ring.
5
Question
Why are beta-lactams more effective against Gram-positive bacteria?
Page 1
Answer
Gram-positive have thicker peptidoglycan layer; Gram-negative have outer membrane barrier.
6
Question
What is the key structural difference between Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell walls?
Page 2
Answer
Gram-positive have thick peptidoglycan layer; Gram-negative have thin peptidoglycan plus outer membrane.
7
Question
How many penicillin binding proteins do Gram-positive bacteria have?
Page 2
Answer
Higher number.
8
Question
What feature of Gram-negative bacteria prevents antibiotic entry?
Page 3
Answer
Porins and outer membrane made of LPS.
9
Question
What is the spectrum of natural penicillins like Penicillin G?
Page 3
Answer
Narrow spectrum.
10
Question
What organisms does Penicillin G target most effectively?
Page 3
Answer
Gram-positive like Staph, but not all.
11
Question
Name the narrow-spectrum anti-staphylococcal penicillins.
Page 4
Answer
Methicillin, nafcillin, cloxacillin.
12
Question
Why are anti-staph penicillins important despite narrow spectrum?
Page 4
Answer
Most staphylococci secrete beta-lactamase (penicillinase).
13
Question
How do anti-staph penicillins resist beta-lactamase?
Page 5
Answer
Bulky R group blocks enzyme access to beta-lactam ring.
14
Question
Why are methicillin and nafcillin not used clinically?
Page 5
Answer
Nephrotoxicity (kidney toxicity).
15
Question
How is Penicillin G administered?
Page 6
Answer
Intravenous (IV).
16
Question
Why is Penicillin V preferred over Pen G for oral use?
Page 6
Answer
Pen V is acid stable; Pen G destroyed by gastric acid.
17
Question
What infection is Pen V commonly used for?
Page 6
Answer
Dental infections.
18
Question
What happened with Staphylococcus after widespread Pen G use?
Page 7
Answer
Bacteria produced beta-lactamase, becoming penicillin resistant.
19
Question
What was developed to counter beta-lactamase producing Staph?
Page 7
Answer
Methicillin (to avoid beta-lactamase).
20
Question
What is MRSA?
Page 7
Answer
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (mutated penicillin binding protein).
21
Question
What antibiotic changed the target after MRSA?
Page 8
Answer
Vancomycin.
22
Question
Name two broad-spectrum modified penicillins for Gram-negative.
Page 8
Answer
Ampicillin, amoxicillin.
23
Question
What infection requires 'smart design' broad penicillins?
Page 8
Answer
Enterococcal infections (very tough).
24
Question
What mnemonic covers organisms treated by 'smart penicillins'?
Page 9
Answer
H E L P S (Haemophilus, Enterococci, Listeria, Proteus, Salmonella).
25
Question
Which bacteria lack LPS despite being Gram-negative?
Page 9
Answer
Listeria monocytogenes.
26
Question
What problem do broad-spectrum penicillins like amoxicillin face?
Page 10
Answer
No protection against beta-lactamase (small R group).
27
Question
What is Augmentin?
Page 10
Answer
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (beta-lactamase inhibitor).
28
Question
What is Unasyn?
Page 11
Answer
Ampicillin + sulbactam (beta-lactamase inhibitor).
29
Question
What Pseudomonas feature causes treatment failure?
Page 11
Answer
Everything fails (green pus).
30
Question
Name anti-Pseudomonas 'super smart' penicillins.
Page 12
Answer
Piperacillin, ticarcillin, azlocillin, carbapenems.