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Human Cardiovascular System
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Human Cardiovascular System
Human Cardiovascular System
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1
Question
What are the three main components of the human circulatory system?
Page 1
Answer
Blood, heart, and blood vessels.
2
Question
How is blood defined in the circulatory system?
Page 1
Answer
A connective tissue of liquid plasma and cells.
3
Question
What type of circulatory system do humans have?
Page 1
Answer
Closed circulatory system.
4
Question
What is the role of hemoglobin in human blood?
Page 1
Answer
Transports oxygen; turns blood red in oxygen presence.
5
Question
What is the human closed circulatory system called?
Page 1
Answer
Cardiovascular system.
6
Question
What are the upper and lower chambers of the heart?
Page 1
Answer
Atrium (upper) and ventricle (lower).
7
Question
What composes the heart muscle?
Page 1
Answer
Cardiac muscle cells.
8
Question
How many layers do artery walls have, and what enables expansion?
Page 1
Answer
Three layers of thick walls; smooth muscle fibers contract.
9
Question
What is the function of arteries?
Page 1
Answer
Carry blood away from the heart.
10
Question
What connects the endothelium, basement membrane, elastic layer, smooth muscle, and connective tissue in an artery?
Page 2
Answer
Structure of an artery wall.
11
Question
What is the main artery leaving the heart?
Page 2
Answer
Aorta.
12
Question
Which artery carries oxygen-poor blood?
Page 2
Answer
Pulmonary artery.
13
Question
What are arterioles?
Page 2
Answer
Small arteries connecting larger arteries with capillaries.
14
Question
Where does gas exchange occur in the circulatory system?
Page 3
Answer
Capillaries.
15
Question
What controls blood flow into capillary beds?
Page 3
Answer
Nerve-controlled sphincters.
16
Question
What changes occur across capillary walls besides gases?
Page 3
Answer
Nutrients, wastes, hormones exchanged.
17
Question
What are capillaries concentrated into?
Page 3
Answer
Capillary beds.
18
Question
What is the estimated length of capillaries in the human body?
Page 4
Answer
Between 50,000 and 60,000 miles.
19
Question
What allows blood to bypass capillary beds?
Page 4
Answer
Thoroughfare channels.
20
Question
What are venules?
Page 5
Answer
Smaller veins gathering blood from capillary beds.
21
Question
Why do veins have valves?
Page 5
Answer
Prevent back-flow of blood.
22
Question
What is normal ventricular blood pressure in healthy young adults?
Page 6
Answer
120 mm systole / 80 mm diastole.
23
Question
How many chambers does the human heart have, and what do they separate?
Page 6
Answer
Four chambers separating oxygen-rich and oxygen-depleted blood.
24
Question
What are the two parts of the cardiac cycle?
Page 7
Answer
Systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation).
25
Question
What initiates the heartbeat?
Page 7
Answer
SA node (sinoatrial node).
26
Question
What causes ventricles to contract?
Page 7
Answer
AV node (atrioventricular node).
27
Question
What sound does heart valve closure produce?
Page 8
Answer
'Lub-dub': lub=AV closure, dub=SL closure.
28
Question
What spreads electrical signal to ventricles?
Page 8
Answer
Bundle of His fibers and Purkinje fibers.
29
Question
What does the P wave represent on ECG?
Page 9
Answer
Atrial contraction impulse.
30
Question
What are positive deflections on ECG?
Page 9
Answer
Q and S waves.