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Protein and Vitamin Biology Essentials
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Protein and Vitamin Biology Essentials
Protein and Vitamin Biology Essentials
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1
Question
What are the primary elements that make up proteins?
Page 4
Answer
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
2
Question
Which additional elements can some proteins contain besides carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen?
Page 4
Answer
Sulfur and phosphorus
3
Question
How are proteins formed from their building blocks?
Page 4
Answer
Made up of repeating units called amino acids by condensation
4
Question
How many different kinds of amino acids combine to form proteins?
Page 4
Answer
20 different kinds which combine in different numbers and orders
5
Question
Why can a large variety of proteins be formed from amino acids?
Page 4
Answer
Because 20 different kinds of amino acids combine in different numbers and orders
6
Question
What types of amino acids exist, and how do humans obtain essential ones?
Page 4
Answer
Essential and non-essential; essential amino acids must be obtained from diet
7
Question
Which amino acids can the human body produce on its own?
Page 4
Answer
Non-essential amino acids
8
Question
What is one role of proteins as components in cells?
Page 4
Answer
Important components in cells
9
Question
How do proteins contribute to growth and repair in the body?
Page 4
Answer
Raw material to make new cells for growth and repair
10
Question
Name three important molecules that proteins form in the body.
Page 4
Answer
Enzymes, hormones, and antibodies
11
Question
Under what condition do proteins serve as an energy source?
Page 4
Answer
When glycogen and fat stores are used up
12
Question
What disease results from a lack of protein leading to poor growth and swollen belly?
Page 4
Answer
Kwashiorkor due to accumulation of tissue fluid
13
Question
Why is excess protein intake toxic to the body?
Page 4
Answer
Because excess protein must be broken down and excreted
14
Question
What structural progression leads from amino acids to functional proteins?
Page 4
Answer
Polypeptide from condensation of amino acids, then coiling and folding of one or more polypeptides forms protein
15
Question
How does kwashiorkor manifest from protein deficiency?
Page 4
Answer
Poor growth and swollen belly due to accumulation of tissue fluid
16
Question
What is water classified as in terms of substances?
Page 5
Answer
Inorganic and colourless substance
17
Question
Why is water called the universal solvent in the body?
Page 5
Answer
Dissolves substances for chemical reactions
18
Question
How does water facilitate transport in the human body?
Page 5
Answer
Exists as liquid at room temperature to help transport nutrients, wastes, and gases
19
Question
What role does water play in human thermoregulation?
Page 5
Answer
Removes heat through evaporation as sweat
20
Question
In which chemical reactions does water act as a reactant?
Page 5
Answer
Photosynthesis and hydrolysis
21
Question
What advantage does water provide to aquatic organisms?
Page 5
Answer
Provides buoyancy
22
Question
What are vitamins described as in terms of food substances?
Page 5
Answer
Organic food substances required in small amounts
23
Question
Do vitamins provide energy value to the body?
Page 5
Answer
No energy value
24
Question
What is the role of vitamins in body functioning?
Page 5
Answer
Involved in metabolic activity for normal functioning of the body
25
Question
What health issue arises from vitamin deficiency?
Page 5
Answer
May lead to diseases
26
Question
What disease is associated with vitamin A deficiency?
Page 5
Answer
Night-blindness
27
Question
What is the function of vitamin A in vision?
Page 5
Answer
Forms visual pigment in retina for vision in dim light
28
Question
Is vitamin A lipid soluble or water soluble?
Page 5
Answer
Lipid soluble
29
Question
Name two food sources that provide vitamin A.
Page 5
Answer
Carrots via carotene and green vegetables
30
Question
What disease results from vitamin C deficiency?
Page 5
Answer
Scurvy