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Disaster Management Principles and Framework
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Disaster Management Principles and Framework
Disaster Management Principles and Framework
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1
Question
What is the legal definition of a disaster according to the Disaster Management Act, 2005?
Page 2
Answer
A catastrophe, mishap, calamity, or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or man-made causes, or by accident or negligence, which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of, property, or damage to, or degradation of, environment, and is of such a nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected area.
2
Question
What types of causes can lead to a disaster as defined in the Disaster Management Act, 2005?
Page 2
Answer
Natural or man-made causes, or by accident or negligence.
3
Question
What consequences must a disaster cause to qualify under the Disaster Management Act, 2005?
Page 2
Answer
Substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to, and destruction of, property, or damage to, or degradation of, environment.
4
Question
What makes an event a disaster beyond the community's ability according to the Disaster Management Act, 2005?
Page 2
Answer
Its nature or magnitude exceeds the coping capacity of the community of the affected area.
5
Question
How does the Disaster Management Act, 2005, distinguish a disaster from a regular emergency?
Page 2
Answer
A disaster overwhelms the coping capacity of the affected community due to its nature or magnitude.
6
Question
What is disaster management according to the provided definition?
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Answer
The organization and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response, and recovery, in order to lessen the impact of disasters.
7
Question
What is the nature of the disaster management process as described?
Page 3
Answer
A continuous and integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating, and implementing measures.
8
Question
What is one key measure in disaster management for preventing disasters?
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Answer
Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster.
9
Question
How does disaster management address risks according to the listed measures?
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Answer
Through reduction of risk of any disaster or its consequences.
10
Question
What measure ensures communities are ready for disasters in disaster management?
Page 3
Answer
Readiness to deal with any disaster.
11
Question
Why is promptness emphasized in disaster management measures?
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Answer
To ensure promptness in dealing with a disaster.
12
Question
What assessment is part of disaster management processes?
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Answer
Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects of any disaster.
13
Question
Which immediate actions does disaster management include during events?
Page 3
Answer
Evacuation, rescue, and relief.
14
Question
What long-term measures follow disaster response in management?
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Answer
Rehabilitation and reconstruction.
15
Question
How do the phases of mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery relate in disaster management?
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Answer
They form a continuous cycle where each phase builds on the previous to lessen impacts throughout the disaster lifecycle.
16
Question
What are examples of natural disasters listed in the material?
Page 4
Answer
Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Hurricanes/cyclones/typhoons, Floods, Droughts, Wildfires, Volcanic eruptions and landslides.
17
Question
Name four examples of man-made disasters from the provided list.
Page 4
Answer
Industrial accidents (e.g., chemical spills, explosions), Transportation accidents (e.g., plane crashes, train derailments), Structural collapses, Fires (caused by human error).
18
Question
What additional man-made disasters are mentioned besides industrial and transportation accidents?
Page 4
Answer
Terrorist attacks, Cyberattacks, War and conflict.
19
Question
How do natural disasters differ from man-made disasters in terms of causation?
Page 4
Answer
Natural disasters arise from environmental processes like earthquakes and floods, while man-made disasters result from human actions, errors, or negligence such as industrial accidents and terrorism.
20
Question
Why might man-made disasters be more preventable than natural ones?
Page 4
Answer
Because they often stem from human error, negligence, or intentional acts that can be mitigated through safety protocols, regulations, and security measures.
21
Question
What is the role of the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) in India?
Page 5
Answer
It is the apex body for disaster management in India, headed by the Prime Minister.
22
Question
What responsibilities does NDMA have regarding policies and plans?
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Answer
Responsible for laying down policies, plans, and guidelines for disaster management.
23
Question
How does NDMA contribute to disaster responses in India?
Page 5
Answer
Its role includes ensuring timely and effective responses to disasters.
24
Question
What is the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) designed for?
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Answer
A specialized force for disaster response.
25
Question
What capabilities does the NDRF possess for handling disasters?
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Answer
It is trained and equipped to handle various types of disasters.
26
Question
How does NDMA differ from NDRF in their functions within India's disaster framework?
Page 5
Answer
NDMA focuses on policy, planning, and coordination at the apex level, while NDRF provides specialized on-ground response and rescue operations.
27
Question
What are key mitigation strategies for floods in natural disaster management?
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Answer
Early warning systems, Floodplain zoning and embankments, Rainwater harvesting and proper drainage.
28
Question
How can communities prepare for floods according to management strategies?
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Answer
Through community preparedness and disaster drills.
29
Question
What building practices help mitigate earthquake damage?
Page 6
Answer
Earthquake-resistant buildings.
30
Question
What public action protocol is recommended during earthquakes?
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Answer
Public awareness on 'Drop, Cover, and Hold'.