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Cellular Metabolism and Membrane Physiology
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Cellular Metabolism and Membrane Physiology
Cellular Metabolism and Membrane Physiology
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1
Question
What is the sum of all reactions that occur in an organism?
Page 1
Answer
Metabolism
2
Question
What type of metabolism builds larger molecules from smaller ones?
Page 1
Answer
Anabolism
3
Question
Why is catabolism considered an exergonic process?
Page 1
Answer
Because it releases energy
4
Question
What are the starting materials in a metabolic reaction called?
Page 1
Answer
Substrates
5
Question
What are organic catalysts of metabolism known as?
Page 1
Answer
Enzymes
6
Question
What is the organic non-protein component of an enzyme called?
Page 1
Answer
Cofactor or coenzyme
7
Question
What is the complete active form of an enzyme including its cofactor?
Page 1
Answer
Holoenzyme
8
Question
Where does the substrate bind in an enzyme?
Page 1
Answer
Active site
9
Question
What is the more widely accepted model for enzyme-substrate complex formation?
Page 1
Answer
Induced fit model
10
Question
What conditions are required for maximal enzyme activity?
Page 1
Answer
Optimal temperature and pH conditions
11
Question
What type of inhibitor stops enzyme activity by competing with substrate for the active site?
Page 1
Answer
Competitive inhibitor
12
Question
What type of inhibitor stops enzyme activity by binding to a site other than the active site?
Page 1
Answer
Non-competitive inhibitor
13
Question
How does competitive inhibition differ from non-competitive inhibition in enzymes?
Page 1
Answer
Competitive binds active site; non-competitive binds elsewhere
14
Question
What is regulation of metabolism by enzyme inhibition called?
Page 1
Answer
Feedback inhibition
15
Question
How would you classify food energy?
Page 1
Answer
Chemical energy
16
Question
What does a negative \(\Delta G\) indicate for a process like diffusion from high to low G?
Page 1
Answer
\(\Delta G\) is negative; the process is spontaneous
17
Question
What does a \(\Delta G = 0\) tell you about a cell?
Page 1
Answer
It is at equilibrium; no net energy change occurs
18
Question
What law of thermodynamics is also known as the law of entropy?
Page 1
Answer
Second law of thermodynamics
19
Question
What law of thermodynamics is known as the law of conservation of energy?
Page 1
Answer
First law of thermodynamics
20
Question
What type of molecule is ATP?
Page 1
Answer
Nucleotide
21
Question
What are the three main kinds of work that ATP is used for?
Page 1
Answer
Chemical work, mechanical work, transport work
22
Question
How does ATP synthesis compare energetically to ATP hydrolysis?
Page 1
Answer
ATP synthesis is endergonic while ATP hydrolysis releases energy
23
Question
What molecule is responsible for mediating energy transfer in cells?
Page 2
Answer
ATP
24
Question
What is the sign of \(\Delta G\) for catabolism?
Page 2
Answer
Negative
25
Question
In exergonic reactions, what is the energy released coupled with?
Page 2
Answer
ATP synthesis
26
Question
How would you classify a reaction where the G value of product is greater than substrate?
Page 2
Answer
Endergonic
27
Question
How does an enzyme affect the activation energy of a reaction?
Page 2
Answer
It lowers the activation energy (Ea) to speed up the reaction without changing \(\Delta G\)
28
Question
What term describes a molecule with hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions?
Page 2
Answer
Amphipathic
29
Question
Name an amphipathic molecule found in cell membranes.
Page 2
Answer
Phospholipid
30
Question
What composes the hydrophilic head of the phospholipid molecule?
Page 2
Answer
Phosphate group + glycerol