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Psychology Perspectives and Schools
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Psychology Perspectives and Schools
Psychology Perspectives and Schools
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1
Question
What are the two wings of psychology?
Page 3
Answer
First-person subjective perspective and third-person objective perspective.
2
Question
What characterizes the first-person perspective in psychology?
Page 4
Answer
Subjective viewpoint using introspection, self-report, and phenomenology.
3
Question
What characterizes the third-person perspective in psychology?
Page 4
Answer
Objective viewpoint using experimentation, measurement, brain scans, and behavioral observation.
4
Question
What is psychology's grand challenge according to the presentation?
Page 5
Answer
Building a complete science of the person by integrating first-person subjective and third-person objective perspectives.
5
Question
How is the scientific method defined in psychology?
Page 6
Answer
A self-correcting cycle of theory, hypothesis, research, and analysis.
6
Question
What does empirical mean in the context of psychological science?
Page 6
Answer
Uses data that can be observed and measured using the five senses.
7
Question
What is the goal of natural science as applied to psychology?
Page 6
Answer
To measure, predict, and control objects.
8
Question
What distinguishes qualitative research in psychology?
Page 7
Answer
Uses words, themes, and rich description to seek depth of understanding in context; example: interviews on academic pressure.
9
Question
What distinguishes quantitative research in psychology?
Page 7
Answer
Uses numbers, statistics, and measurement to seek patterns across large groups; example: surveys of stress levels in 1000 students.
10
Question
How does psychology's history relate to the Western tradition?
Page 8
Answer
Grounded in Plato and Aristotle leading to Enlightenment thought.
11
Question
What are two core philosophical debates that psychology addresses using the scientific method?
Page 8
Answer
Nature vs. Nurture and Mind-Body Problem.
12
Question
Nature vs. Nurture
Answer
Are we shaped by innate biology or experience?
13
Question
What did Wilhelm Wundt establish in 1879?
Page 9
Answer
First psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany; focused on structuralism using reaction time experiments.
14
Question
What was the focus of structuralism in early psychology?
Page 9
Answer
Break consciousness into its foundational parts using reaction time experiments.
15
Question
What did William James contribute to psychology in 1890?
Page 9
Answer
Published the first psychology textbook in America; advocated functionalism.
16
Question
What was the main idea of functionalism according to William James?
Page 9
Answer
Why consciousness evolved, studied through introspection and stream of consciousness.
17
Question
What is the focus of psychoanalysis as a school of thought?
Page 10
Answer
Unconscious mind, childhood conflicts, and repressed desires as drivers of behavior.
18
Question
What metaphor represents the mind in psychoanalysis?
Page 10
Answer
Mind as a steam engine.
19
Question
What methods does psychoanalysis use?
Page 10
Answer
Analysis of dreams, free association, and talk therapy.
20
Question
What is the legacy of psychoanalysis?
Page 10
Answer
Emphasized importance of early experience and mental conflict.
21
Question
What is the core idea of behaviorism?
Page 11
Answer
Behavior shaped by learning through classical conditioning (associations) and operant conditioning (consequences).
22
Question
What did behaviorism reject and what did it focus on?
Page 11
Answer
Rejected study of the 'black box' of the mind; focused only on observable behavior.
23
Question
What is the legacy of behaviorism?
Page 11
Answer
Made psychology rigorously scientific; applied to education, therapy, and training.
24
Question
What reaction prompted humanistic psychology?
Page 12
Answer
Reaction against determinism of psychoanalysis and behaviorism.
25
Question
What is the focus of humanistic psychology?
Page 12
Answer
Human potential, free will, growth; people inherently good and strive for self-actualization.
26
Question
What are key ideas in humanistic psychology?
Page 12
Answer
Client-centered therapy and hierarchy of needs; emphasis on first-person perspective and subjective well-being.
27
Question
What marked the cognitive revolution in psychology?
Page 13
Answer
Return to studying mental processes like thinking, memory, and perception starting in the 1950s.
28
Question
What is the key idea of the cognitive approach?
Page 13
Answer
How we interpret events influences behavior and emotion; dominates modern psychology integrated with neuroscience.
29
Question
What is the modern perspective in psychology called?
Page 17
Answer
Biopsychosocial model.
30
Question
What are the three levels of the biopsychosocial model?
Page 17
Answer
Biological, psychological, social