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Industrial Revolution Key Facts
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Industrial Revolution Key Facts
Industrial Revolution Key Facts
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1
Question
What period in British history does the Industrial Revolution refer to?
Page 2
Answer
From 1750 to 1850.
2
Question
What social and economic changes did the Industrial Revolution bring?
Page 2
Answer
Transition from a stable agricultural and commercial society to a modern industrial society.
3
Question
Why did rich merchants set up factories by the end of the 18th century?
Page 2
Answer
The domestic system where merchants supplied families with raw materials and collected finished products could not meet the growing market demands.
4
Question
What was the factory system characterized by?
Page 2
Answer
Installation of new machineries, bringing raw materials, and employing workers on fixed wages to make machine-made goods.
5
Question
How did the Industrial Revolution start in Britain?
Page 2
Answer
With the use of steam power.
6
Question
Who invented the Steam Engine and in what year?
Page 2
Answer
James Watt in 1769.
7
Question
What did John Kay invent in 1733?
Page 2
Answer
The Flying Shuttle, which simplified the process of weaving cloth and increased output four times.
8
Question
What was the Spinning Jenny?
Page 2
Answer
A hand-powered spinning wheel invented by James Hargreaves to create multiple spools of thread at once.
9
Question
What became the key industry after the invention of the Spinning Jenny?
Page 2
Answer
Cotton textiles.
10
Question
What proved a decisive factor in Britain’s rapid industrial development?
Page 2
Answer
Presence of large quantities of coal and iron.
11
Question
What infrastructure developments widened the market for manufactured goods?
Page 2
Answer
Building of canals and roads, as well as the advent of the railroad and steamship.
12
Question
What new periods of industrial development came after steam power?
Page 2
Answer
With electricity and the gasoline engine.
13
Question
By what year had the Industrial Revolution been accomplished in Britain with industries dominant?
Page 3
Answer
By 1850.
14
Question
When did industrialization start in France, Germany, and the U.S.?
Page 3
Answer
France after 1830, Germany after 1850, and U.S. after the Civil War.
15
Question
What was Jethro Tull’s Seed Planting Drill used for?
Page 3
Answer
Planting seeds at uniform intervals and depths without wastage.
16
Question
What were the Enclosure Acts passed by British Parliament between 1760 and 1830?
Page 3
Answer
Nearly 1000 acts combining community lands into larger areas, rendering many people landless and driving migration to cities.
17
Question
How did political conditions in England aid the Industrial Revolution?
Page 3
Answer
Acts like removal of trade barriers and creation of a common market aided merchants.
18
Question
What was the Policy of Mercantilism?
Page 3
Answer
Governmental control over industries and trade, based on more exports than imports, wealth from gold and silver, with limited governmental interference in trade.
19
Question
What geographical advantages did England have for industrialization?
Page 3
Answer
Secured island location with proximity to sea, isolation from Europe, and waterways like canals, rivers, and sea providing the largest free trade area without tolls or barriers.
20
Question
How did technological advancements in textiles influence other industries?
Page 4
Answer
Started a series of inventions in iron and steel production.
21
Question
Who was Samuel Slater and what did he do in 1789?
Page 4
Answer
Slipped out of England to America, taking knowledge of British textile industry, initiating Industrial Revolution in America and increasing cotton plantations and slave demand.
22
Question
Who is called the Father of the Factory System and why?
Page 4
Answer
Arkwright, for creating the first factory specially built to house machinery with fixed working hours and employed workers rather than contractual.
23
Question
What did Samuel Crompton invent in 1779?
Page 4
Answer
The Spinning Mule.
24
Question
Who made the first water-driven power loom?
Page 4
Answer
Edmond Cartwright.
25
Question
What industries did the textile industry stimulate?
Page 4
Answer
Dying, bleaching, and printing.
26
Question
Who built the first engine for pumping water from coal mines in 1705?
Page 5
Answer
Thomas Newcomen.
27
Question
How did James Watt improve Newcomen’s engine in 1764?
Page 5
Answer
Improved efficiency fourfold by introducing a chamber with a jet of cold water to condense steam and create vacuum.
28
Question
What did John Wilkinson provide for Watt’s steam engine?
Page 5
Answer
A drill gun to bore the large cylinder.
29
Question
What foundational elements laid the basis for modern industry?
Page 5
Answer
The steam engine, coal, and iron.
30
Question
What improvements were made in coal mining during the Industrial Revolution?
Page 5
Answer
Tunnel ventilation, transportation of coal, use of gunpowder to blast ridges, and safety lamps.