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Digestive Health and Metabolism Basics
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Digestive Health and Metabolism Basics
Digestive Health and Metabolism Basics
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1
Question
What is bile according to the digestive system terms?
Page 1
Answer
A digestive liquid made by the liver that helps break down fats.
2
Question
Where is bile produced and stored, and what is its primary function in digestion?
Page 2
Answer
Produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder; helps digest fats by breaking them into smaller droplets.
3
Question
What is chyme in the digestive process?
Page 1
Answer
Partially digested food mixed with stomach acids that leaves the stomach.
4
Question
How does food become chyme in the stomach?
Page 2
Answer
Food is mixed with stomach acid and enzymes, and muscles in the stomach churn it until it becomes a thick liquid called chyme.
5
Question
What is constipation defined as?
Page 1
Answer
Difficulty passing stool or having infrequent bowel movements.
6
Question
What are three common causes of constipation?
Page 2
Answer
Low fiber diet, not drinking enough water, and lack of exercise.
7
Question
What are three strategies to prevent constipation?
Page 2
Answer
Eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains; drink more water; stay active.
8
Question
What is diverticulosis?
Page 1
Answer
Small pouches that form in the wall of the large intestine.
9
Question
How does diverticulosis develop and how can it be prevented?
Page 3
Answer
Develops when pressure builds in the large intestine, causing small pouches; prevention is eating a high-fiber diet.
10
Question
What is the key difference between a food allergy and food intolerance?
Page 2
Answer
Food allergy involves an immune system reaction (e.g., peanut allergy causing hives or swelling); food intolerance is a digestion problem without immune involvement (e.g., lactose intolerance causing bloating).
11
Question
What is a food allergy?
Page 1
Answer
When the immune system reacts to a food as if it is dangerous (e.g., peanut allergy).
12
Question
What is food intolerance?
Page 1
Answer
Difficulty digesting a food, but not an immune reaction (e.g., lactose intolerance).
13
Question
In Maria's scenario with milk causing stomach issues but cheese tolerated, what condition does she have?
Page 4
Answer
Food intolerance (lactose intolerance) because she reacts to milk but can eat cheese, with no immune response.
14
Question
What are gallstones?
Page 1
Answer
Hard deposits that form in the gallbladder from cholesterol or bile.
15
Question
What causes heartburn?
Page 1
Answer
Burning feeling in the chest caused by stomach acid backing up into the esophagus.
16
Question
Name four main causes of heartburn.
Page 3
Answer
Eating spicy, greasy, or acidic foods; eating too much; lying down right after eating; caffeine, chocolate, or soda.
17
Question
What is indigestion?
Page 1
Answer
Discomfort in the stomach after eating, often from overeating or spicy/fatty foods.
18
Question
How does indigestion differ from an ulcer?
Page 3
Answer
Indigestion is temporary stomach discomfort after eating; an ulcer is a painful sore in the stomach lining, often caused by bacteria or excess acid.
19
Question
What is an ulcer?
Page 1
Answer
A sore in the lining of the stomach or small intestine, often caused by bacteria or too much acid.
20
Question
What is basal metabolism (BMR)?
Page 1
Answer
The calories your body burns at rest just to stay alive.
21
Question
Name four factors that affect basal metabolism.
Page 4
Answer
Age, muscle mass, genetics, body size.
22
Question
How does muscle mass influence basal metabolism?
Page 4
Answer
More muscle leads to a higher metabolism.
23
Question
What is body composition?
Page 1
Answer
The amount of fat, muscle, bone, and water in the body.
24
Question
Why is body composition more important than total body weight?
Page 3
Answer
Because muscle weighs more than fat—two people can weigh the same but have very different muscle levels and health outcomes.
25
Question
What is calorie density?
Page 1
Answer
How many calories are in a given amount of food.
26
Question
What defines a healthy body weight?
Page 1
Answer
A weight that supports good health, not just a number on a scale.
27
Question
What are ketone bodies?
Page 1
Answer
Chemicals made when the body burns fat instead of carbohydrates for energy.
28
Question
When are ketone bodies produced by the body?
Page 4
Answer
When the body does not have enough carbohydrates and starts burning fat for energy, common in very low-carb diets.
29
Question
In Sarah's scenario with fruity breath, what is her body producing and why?
Page 5
Answer
Ketone bodies because she is burning fat instead of carbohydrates.
30
Question
What is lean tissue?
Page 1
Answer
Muscle, organs, and bones (not fat).