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Psychology Core Concepts
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Psychology Core Concepts
Psychology Core Concepts
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1
Question
What is the definition of psychology?
Answer
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
2
Question
What does falsifiability mean in psychology?
Answer
Theories and data from psychology must be falsifiable, meaning they can be proven false.
3
Question
Who is considered the first psychologist and what did he establish?
Answer
Wilhelm Wundt founded the first psychology lab in 1879.
4
Question
What is structuralism in psychology and who founded it?
Answer
Edward Titchener's structuralism focused on breaking mental processes into basic components using introspection.
5
Question
What is the core focus of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis?
Answer
Psychoanalysis emphasizes the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences.
6
Question
What is functionalism in psychology according to William James?
Answer
Functionalism focuses on the purpose of behavior and mental processes.
7
Question
Who founded Gestalt psychology and what is its key principle?
Answer
Wertheimer, Koffka, and Köhler; perception is more than the sum of its parts.
8
Question
How does structuralism differ from functionalism in psychology?
Answer
Structuralism breaks mental processes into basic components; functionalism examines their purpose.
9
Question
What are the characteristics of facts in psychological research?
Answer
Facts are objective, measurable, and verifiable.
10
Question
How do opinions differ from facts in science?
Answer
Opinions are personal beliefs or interpretations, unlike objective facts.
11
Question
What is a theory in the context of psychological science?
Answer
A well-supported explanation of phenomena based on evidence.
12
Question
Define a hypothesis in psychological research.
Answer
A testable and falsifiable prediction derived from a theory.
13
Question
What is the key principle of 'correlation does not equal causation'?
Answer
Just because two variables are related does not mean one causes the other.
14
Question
What is a placebo in psychological experiments?
Answer
An inactive substance that can produce effects due to expectations.
15
Question
Why is assuming correlation implies causation a common mistake?
Answer
It overlooks that related variables may not have a causal link due to other factors.
16
Question
What is the nature of science according to psychology notes?
Answer
Science is self-correcting and dynamic, constantly questioning and testing ideas.
17
Question
What comprises the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
Answer
Brain and spinal cord.
18
Question
What is the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
Answer
All nerves outside the CNS.
19
Question
What is the function of the somatic nervous system?
Answer
Voluntary movement of skeletal muscles.
20
Question
What does the autonomic nervous system regulate?
Answer
Involuntary functions of organs.
21
Question
How does the parasympathetic nervous system function?
Answer
Rest and digest.
22
Question
What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?
Answer
Fight or flight.
23
Question
What is the order of spinal segments from top to bottom?
Answer
Cervical → Thoracic → Lumbar → Sacral → Coccygeal.
24
Question
In anatomical terms, what does dorsal refer to?
Answer
Back.
25
Question
What does ventral mean in directional terminology?
Answer
Front.
26
Question
Define anterior in anatomical directional terms.
Answer
Front.
27
Question
What does posterior indicate anatomically?
Answer
Back.
28
Question
What is the meaning of medial in body orientation?
Answer
Toward the midline.
29
Question
Define lateral in anatomical terminology.
Answer
Away from the midline.
30
Question
How do dorsal and ventral directions differ?
Answer
Dorsal is back; ventral is front.