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Psychology Core Concepts
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Psychology Core Concepts
Psychology Core Concepts
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1
Question
What does the biological perspective in psychology emphasize?
Page 1
Answer
The physical and physiological bases of behavior, including the brain, hormones, and genetics.
2
Question
How does the behavioral perspective explain behavior?
Page 1
Answer
Behavior is learned through exposure to environmental cues, rewards, and punishments.
3
Question
What is the focus of the cognitive perspective in psychology?
Page 1
Answer
How people process information, remember, think, and develop language.
4
Question
What key elements does the humanistic perspective emphasize?
Page 1
Answer
Positive emotions, free will, personal growth, and self-actualization.
5
Question
How does the psychodynamic perspective account for behavior?
Page 1
Answer
Through unconscious thoughts, conflicts, and early experiences.
6
Question
What is the cross-cultural perspective in psychology?
Page 1
Answer
Studies psychological phenomena across different cultures.
7
Question
What is ethnocentrism according to the study guide?
Page 1
Answer
Using one’s own culture as the standard to judge others, often leading to the belief that one’s culture is superior.
8
Question
What is required for informed consent in psychological research?
Page 1
Answer
Informed consent must be given by participants.
9
Question
What are the key principles of participant involvement in research?
Page 1
Answer
Participation is voluntary and confidential.
10
Question
What oversight is required for all psychological studies?
Page 1
Answer
All studies must be approved by an Institutional Review Board (IRB).
11
Question
What happens to participants after a psychological study?
Page 1
Answer
Participants must be debriefed after the study.
12
Question
What was the main finding of Milgram's obedience study?
Page 1
Answer
Ordinary people will obey authority figures even when it causes harm.
13
Question
What did Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment demonstrate?
Page 1
Answer
Social roles and situations can strongly influence behavior.
14
Question
What is the primary lesson from Milgram and Zimbardo studies?
Page 1
Answer
Situations and authority can override personal morals.
15
Question
What ethical impact did Milgram and Zimbardo studies have?
Page 1
Answer
Highlighted the need for strict ethical guidelines in research.
16
Question
What is the function of sensory neurons?
Page 1
Answer
Carry information from the environment to the central nervous system (CNS).
17
Question
What do motor neurons do?
Page 1
Answer
Carry information from the CNS to muscles and glands.
18
Question
What role do interneurons play?
Page 1
Answer
Communicate between neurons within the CNS.
19
Question
What are two parts of the neuron mentioned early in the guide?
Page 1
Answer
Dendrites and soma (cell body).
20
Question
Name four additional parts of the neuron.
Page 2
Answer
Nucleus, axon, myelin sheath, axon terminals.
21
Question
What is synaptic transmission?
Page 2
Answer
Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic gap and affect the next neuron.
22
Question
What is reuptake in neuronal communication?
Page 2
Answer
Neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron after signaling.
23
Question
What are the functions of acetylcholine (ACh)?
Page 2
Answer
Muscle movement and memory (low levels lead to memory issues).
24
Question
What does dopamine regulate?
Page 2
Answer
Reward and motivation.
25
Question
What roles does serotonin play?
Page 2
Answer
Mood, sleep, and emotion regulation.
26
Question
What is glutamate involved in, and is it excitatory?
Page 2
Answer
Learning and memory; it is excitatory.
27
Question
What does norepinephrine affect?
Page 2
Answer
Alertness and attention.
28
Question
What is the function of GABA?
Page 2
Answer
Calms neural activity (brain’s brake).
29
Question
How do SSRIs work?
Page 2
Answer
Block serotonin reuptake to increase serotonin availability.
30
Question
What comprises the central nervous system (CNS)?
Page 3
Answer
Brain and spinal cord.