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Respiratory Diagnostics and Therapies
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Respiratory Diagnostics and Therapies
Respiratory Diagnostics and Therapies
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1
Question
What is the purpose of bronchoscopy in respiratory diagnostics?
Page 1
Answer
Visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope.
2
Question
How does laryngoscopy differ from bronchoscopy in examining respiratory structures?
Page 1
Answer
Laryngoscopy provides visual examination of the larynx and vocal cords, while bronchoscopy examines the bronchi.
3
Question
What does a pulmonary function test measure in the lungs?
Page 1
Answer
Group of tests measuring volume and flow of air into and out of the lungs.
4
Question
Why is a spirometer used in conjunction with pulmonary function tests?
Page 1
Answer
It measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled and the length of time required for each breath.
5
Question
How does a pulse oximeter noninvasively assess respiratory function?
Page 1
Answer
External monitor placed on fingertip or ear lobe to measure oxygen saturation level in the blood.
6
Question
What is the clinical distinction between sputum and phlegm in respiratory secretions?
Page 1
Answer
Sputum is phlegm ejected through the mouth, while phlegm is thick mucus secreted by tissues lining respiratory passages.
7
Question
Describe the procedure and interpretation of the Mantoux PPD test for TB screening.
Page 1
Answer
Injection of small amount of PPD tuberculin under top layer of skin on forearm; site checked for reaction after 48-72 hours; positive result indicates possibility of exposure to TB, confirmed by chest X-ray and sputum cytology.
8
Question
Why might a positive Mantoux PPD test require further confirmation beyond skin reaction?
Page 1
Answer
Positive result from skin or blood test indicates possibility of exposure to TB, but chest X-ray and sputum cytology are needed for confirmation of active disease.
9
Question
What is the therapeutic action of an antitussive medication?
Page 1
Answer
Prevents or relieves coughing.
10
Question
How does a bronchodilator medication improve airflow in respiratory diseases?
Page 1
Answer
Inhaled medication that relaxes and expands bronchial passages.
11
Question
Why is inhalation the preferred route for bronchodilators?
Page 1
Answer
Direct delivery to bronchial passages allows rapid relaxation and expansion of airways with minimal systemic effects.
12
Question
What is the function of a nebulizer in respiratory therapy?
Page 2
Answer
Allows for inhalation of a medicated mist via face mask or mouthpiece.
13
Question
How does endotracheal intubation establish airway access?
Page 2
Answer
Establishing open airway by passage of tube through mouth into the trachea.
14
Question
What is the key difference between laryngectomy and laryngotomy?
Page 2
Answer
Laryngectomy is surgical removal of the larynx; laryngotomy is surgical incision into the larynx to relieve upper airway obstruction.
15
Question
Why is septoplasty performed on the nasal septum?
Page 2
Answer
Surgical repair or alteration of parts of the nasal septum to improve airflow.
16
Question
How does tracheostomy differ from tracheotomy in airway management?
Page 2
Answer
Tracheostomy is surgical creation of a stoma into trachea for insertion of temporary or permanent tube; tracheotomy is incision into trachea to gain access below blockage.
17
Question
What is the purpose of pneumonectomy compared to lobectomy?
Page 2
Answer
Pneumonectomy is surgical removal of all or part of a lung; lobectomy is removal of a lobe of an organ.
18
Question
Why is thoracentesis performed in pleural conditions?
Page 2
Answer
Surgical puncture of chest wall for removal of fluid from pleural cavity.
19
Question
How does thoracotomy facilitate thoracic interventions?
Page 2
Answer
Surgical incision into chest walls for biopsy or treatment.
20
Question
What tissue is targeted in wedge resection for lung cancer?
Page 2
Answer
Surgical removal of wedge-shaped piece of cancerous lung and margin of healthy tissue around the cancer.
21
Question
What is the primary use of a CPAP machine in respiratory therapy?
Page 2
Answer
Noninvasive ventilation device used in treatment of sleep apnea, reduces snoring, and prevents dangerous apnea disturbances.
22
Question
Why does CPAP prevent apnea disturbances in sleep apnea patients?
Page 3
Answer
Maintains positive pressure to prevent airway collapse, reducing snoring and dangerous breathing pauses.
23
Question
How does BIPAP differ from CPAP in pressure delivery?
Page 3
Answer
Similar to CPAP but set at higher pressures for inhaling and lower for exhaling.
24
Question
What is the role of an Ambu bag in emergency respiratory care?
Page 3
Answer
Emergency resuscitator to assist ventilation.
25
Question
How does a mechanical ventilator support breathing?
Page 3
Answer
Supplements natural breathing; forces air into lungs; exhalation passive as lungs contract.
26
Question
Why is exhalation passive in mechanical ventilation?
Page 3
Answer
Lungs naturally contract and recoil to expel air without active machine assistance.
27
Question
What is a nasal cannula used for in oxygen delivery?
Page 3
Answer
Small tube divided into two nasal prongs for low-flow oxygen supplementation.
28
Question
How does a rebreather mask conserve oxygen compared to nasal cannula?
Page 3
Answer
Exhaled breath partially reused, delivering up to 60% oxygen.
29
Question
What advantage does a non-rebreather mask provide over rebreather?
Page 3
Answer
Higher levels of oxygen added to air taken in by patient, preventing rebreathing of CO2.
30
Question
Why does hyperbaric oxygen therapy promote healing in respiratory infections?
Page 3
Answer
Lungs and bloodstream absorb more oxygen, promoting healing and fighting infection.