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Ethics and Morality in Engineering
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Ethics and Morality in Engineering
Ethics and Morality in Engineering
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1
Question
What is the etymological origin of the word 'Morality'?
Page 2
Answer
From the Latin word 'mos' meaning 'custom'
2
Question
What are morals according to the notes?
Page 2
Answer
Principles or habits with respect to right or wrong of one's own conduct that are not imposed by anyone
3
Question
What is a moral described as in the context of personal conduct?
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Answer
The code of conduct that you develop over time and set for yourself to follow
4
Question
Name four examples of personal morals listed in the notes
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Answer
Being good to everyone, speaking only the truth, going against what you know is wrong, avoiding cheating
5
Question
What determines whether morals can be changed?
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Answer
One's own personality, beliefs, and perception towards ethical values
6
Question
What is the etymological origin of the word 'Ethics'?
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Answer
From the Greek word 'ethos' meaning 'character'
7
Question
How are ethics defined in relation to society?
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Answer
A set of rules or principles generally considered as standards of good and bad or right and wrong, usually imposed by an external group, society, or profession
8
Question
How do morals differ from ethics in terms of imposition and dependency?
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Answer
Morals are personal, not imposed, and depend on one's own perception; ethics are imposed externally by groups or society and depend on others' definitions
9
Question
What is utilitarianism as an example of an ethical theory?
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Answer
The philosophy that the happiness or pleasure of the greatest number of people in society is the greatest good
10
Question
According to utilitarianism, when is an action morally right?
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Answer
If its consequences lead to happiness of the people and wrong if it leads to their unhappiness
11
Question
What is engineering ethics defined as?
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Answer
The study of related questions about moral ideals, character, policies, and relationships of people and organizations involved in technological activity
12
Question
Name three areas in engineering where ethical issues commonly arise
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Answer
Conceptualization of a product, design and testing departments, manufacturing, sales, and services
13
Question
What does morality command in terms of respect and harm?
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Answer
Respect for persons both others and ourselves, being fair and just, meeting obligations, respecting rights, and not causing unnecessary harm by dishonesty, cruelty, or hubris
14
Question
What is the first step to deal with ethical issues called?
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Answer
Moral awareness, recognizing moral problems and issues in engineering
15
Question
Describe cogent moral reasoning in handling issues
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Answer
Assessing and comprehending arguments on both sides logically and morally to reach a conclusion
16
Question
What are the two main types of moral issues in engineering?
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Answer
Micro-ethics (daily problems in engineering practice) and macro-ethics (social problems at regional or national levels)
17
Question
What are the three types of inquiries used to resolve engineering ethics issues?
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Answer
Normative inquiries, conceptual inquiries, factual or descriptive inquiries
18
Question
What does normative inquiry focus on in engineering ethics?
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Answer
What one ought to do under specific circumstances, identifying morally desirable actions to protect public safety and fulfill professional obligations
19
Question
What is the purpose of conceptual inquiry?
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Answer
To describe meanings of concepts, principles, and issues in engineering ethics, including safety definitions, precautions, and moral aspects like bribery
20
Question
How does factual or descriptive inquiry assist engineers?
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Answer
By providing facts using scientific techniques for value-based issues, including business realities, engineering history, risk procedures, and psychological profiles
21
Question
What characterizes a moral dilemma?
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Answer
Situations where immediate decisions cannot be made because moral reasons like rights, duties, goods, or obligations come into conflict
22
Question
Name three skills for ethical reasoning listed in the notes
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Answer
Moral reasonableness, respect for persons, tolerance of diversity
23
Question
In the bridge safety example, what moral issue does the engineer face?
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Answer
A marginally safe bridge where the superior asks to stay silent until next budget for repairs
24
Question
How should moral issues in engineering be resolved according to the notes?
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Answer
By considering both technical aspects and moral values, using a slow and clear process
25
Question
What is moral integrity in the context of resolving issues?
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Answer
Being honest, having strong moral principles, and considering others' professional life and personal convictions
26
Question
Why is tolerance of diversity important for ethical reasoning?
Page 5
Answer
To have a broader perspective towards ethnic and religious differences in moral reasoning