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Earth Science Essentials
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Earth Science Essentials
Earth Science Essentials
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1
Question
What is the water cycle?
Page 2
Answer
The continuous movement of water on, above, and below Earth’s surface
2
Question
What is a system in Earth Science?
Page 2
Answer
A group of parts that work together as a whole
3
Question
What is an igneous rock?
Page 2
Answer
Rock formed from cooled magma or lava
4
Question
What is a hypothesis?
Page 2
Answer
An educated guess or possible answer to a scientific question
5
Question
What is an atom?
Page 2
Answer
The smallest unit of an element that retains that element’s chemical properties
6
Question
What are the four spheres of Earth?
Page 2
Answer
The atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere
7
Question
What is weathering?
Page 2
Answer
The process that breaks down rock into smaller pieces
8
Question
What is Earth Science?
Page 2
Answer
The study of Earth and the universe around it
9
Question
What are rocks?
Page 2
Answer
Any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally
10
Question
What is a scientific theory?
Page 2
Answer
A well-tested explanation supported by evidence
11
Question
What is sediment?
Page 2
Answer
Small pieces of rock that come from weathering
12
Question
What is the scientific method?
Page 2
Answer
A step-by-step process scientists use to answer questions
13
Question
What fields does Earth Science include?
Page 3
Answer
Geology, Oceanography, Meteorology, Astronomy
14
Question
What is an independent variable in an experiment?
Page 3
Answer
The variable the experimenter deliberately changes (manipulates)
15
Question
What is a dependent variable in an experiment?
Page 3
Answer
What you measure
16
Question
Classify the statement 'The worm is 2 centimeters long'
Page 3
Answer
Observation
17
Question
What are the goals of science?
Page 4
Answer
To discover and predict patterns in nature
18
Question
What determines the element of an atom?
Page 4
Answer
Number of protons
19
Question
How do atoms bond to each other?
Page 4
Answer
Their electrons are shared or transferred
20
Question
What are ways that minerals form?
Page 5
Answer
Crystallization from magma/lava; precipitation from solution; recrystallization under changing heat and pressure
21
Question
Why is color not a useful property for mineral identification?
Page 5
Answer
The same mineral can be different colors
22
Question
What type of breakage occurs when a mineral breaks with irregular surfaces (e.g., obsidian)?
Page 5
Answer
Fracture
23
Question
What does the Mohs scale measure for minerals?
Page 5
Answer
A mineral’s hardness
24
Question
What are the three types of rocks?
Page 6
Answer
Igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary
25
Question
What is NOT a major process in sedimentary rock formation?
Page 6
Answer
Melting
26
Question
What powers the formation of igneous rocks?
Page 6
Answer
Internal heat in the Earth
27
Question
After what process does cementation often occur in sedimentary rock formation?
Page 6
Answer
Deposition
28
Question
What is an example of a non-clastic organic rock?
Page 7
Answer
Coal
29
Question
What is NOT a cause of mechanical weathering?
Page 7
Answer
Dissolving
30
Question
What is NOT a major component of soil?
Page 8
Answer
Talus