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Cell Biology Essentials
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1
Question
What is one key structural feature of red blood cells that aids gas exchange?
Page 1
Answer
Large surface area
2
Question
What substance do red blood cells contain to bind and transport oxygen?
Page 1
Answer
Haemoglobin which picks up oxygen
3
Question
Why do red blood cells lack a nucleus according to their description?
Page 1
Answer
Has no nucleus to make room for more oxygen
4
Question
What is the main function of red blood cells in the body?
Page 1
Answer
Carries oxygen from the lungs to the body and carbon dioxide from the body back to the lungs
5
Question
What structural adaptation allows white blood cells to engulf pathogens?
Page 2
Answer
Flexible shape to help it engulf disease organisms
6
Question
Where are white blood cells primarily located in the body?
Page 2
Answer
These cells are found in your blood
7
Question
How do white blood cells detect and approach infections?
Page 2
Answer
They are attracted to diseases and bacteria that enter your body
8
Question
What action do white blood cells take against bacteria or disease?
Page 2
Answer
They then ‘eats’ any bacteria/disease so the microbe can’t infect you and make you ill
9
Question
What is a primary shape characteristic of nerve cells?
Page 3
Answer
These are extremely elongated (long) cells
10
Question
What do nerve cells have at both ends to connect with others?
Page 3
Answer
They have many branches at both ends to connect to other nerve cells
11
Question
What covers the long axis of nerve cells and its purpose?
Page 3
Answer
The long axis (main branch) is covered in fat to prevent the electrical impulses affecting the surrounding parts of your body
12
Question
What is the key function of nerve cells throughout the body?
Page 3
Answer
To carry nerve impulses around your body
13
Question
What feature allows sperm cells to reach the egg?
Page 4
Answer
Have a long tail so they can swim to find an egg
14
Question
What is in the head of sperm cells and what does it do?
Page 4
Answer
There are enzymes (like scissors) in the head of the sperm to help the sperm get into the egg
15
Question
Where are sperm cells made in the male body?
Page 4
Answer
Made in the testis of males
16
Question
What genetic role do sperm cells play in reproduction?
Page 4
Answer
To carry the father’s genetic information (DNA) to the egg
17
Question
What structural feature enhances water absorption in root hair cells?
Page 5
Answer
Large surface area to absorb lots of water
18
Question
Why do root hair cells have thin cell walls?
Page 5
Answer
Thin cell wall to allow water to pass through easily
19
Question
What key organelle is absent in root hair cells compared to other plant cells?
Page 5
Answer
Doesn’t contain any chloroplasts unlike all other plant cells
20
Question
What substances do root hair cells absorb from the soil?
Page 5
Answer
Absorbs minerals and water from soil
21
Question
In which part of the leaf are palisade cells located?
Page 6
Answer
Found in the top of a leaf
22
Question
What shape adaptation do palisade cells have for capturing light?
Page 6
Answer
Tall and has a large surface area to catch as much sunlight as possible
23
Question
What are palisade cells densely packed with for photosynthesis?
Page 6
Answer
Packed with chloroplasts to absorb sunlight
24
Question
What is the main role of palisade cells in plant leaves?
Page 6
Answer
To carry out photosynthesis to help make plant food
25
Question
Where do ciliated cells line in the respiratory system?
Page 7
Answer
They line all the air passages down to the lungs
26
Question
What tiny structures are present on ciliated cells?
Page 7
Answer
They have tiny hairs called cilia
27
Question
What is the protective function of ciliated cells in lungs?
Page 7
Answer
Designed to stop lung damage
28
Question
How do cilia on ciliated cells clear airways?
Page 7
Answer
Hairs sweep mucus with trapped dust and bacteria back up the throat to be swallowed
29
Question
What happens to cilia in ciliated cells when smoking?
Page 7
Answer
If you smoke then the hairs die and the mucus builds up leading to the well known smoker’s cough
30
Question
What does the yolk in an egg cell provide for development?
Page 8
Answer
Contains yolk that acts as a food source for the developing embryo (baby) when fertilised