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Genetics and Heredity Essentials
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1
Question
According to the notes, what is the definition of heredity?
Page 1
Answer
How physical traits are passed down from parents to their offspring.
2
Question
According to the notes, what is genetics defined as?
Page 1
Answer
The scientific study of heredity and inheritance.
3
Question
Which two divisions does the field of genetics divide into in these notes?
Page 1
Answer
Mendelian Genetics and Non-Mendelian Genetics.
4
Question
How do the notes describe Mendelian Genetics?
Page 1
Answer
Mendelian Genetics, which refers to the principles established by Gregor Mendel, and includes the theory of natural selection.
5
Question
How do the notes define Non-Mendelian Genetics?
Page 1
Answer
Non-Mendelian Genetics, which refers to the patterns of inheritance that do not comply with the principles by Mendel.
6
Question
What concise definition of 'traits' appears in the notes?
Page 1
Answer
A physical specific characteristic of a person.
7
Question
What factors do the notes state can determine traits?
Page 1
Answer
Traits can be determined by genes, environmental factors, or both.
8
Question
According to the notes, how can traits be classified in genetics?
Page 1
Answer
In the field of genetics, traits can either be dominant or recessive.
9
Question
How do the notes define fertilization in genetics?
Page 1
Answer
The process in which haploid gametes fuse (join together) to form a zygote (a diploid gamete).
10
Question
What definition for a purebred organism is given in the notes?
Page 1
Answer
The offspring of many generations that have the same form of a trait.
11
Question
How do the notes define a hybrid organism?
Page 1
Answer
A hybrid is the offspring that the combination of traits from different sub-species, species or genera results in.
12
Question
According to the notes, what is the definition of a gene?
Page 1
Answer
A portion of DNA that has the ability to code for a characteristic or trait.
13
Question
How do the notes define an allele in genetics?
Page 1
Answer
An allele is a form of gene at a specific location, or locus, in a chromosome.
14
Question
Which organisms does the source explicitly call 'diploids'?
Page 1
Answer
Nearly all plants and animals (which are called diploids).
15
Question
According to the notes, how many sets of chromosomes do diploids have?
Page 1
Answer
Two sets of chromosomes.
16
Question
What do the notes say about inheritance of chromosome sets in diploids?
Page 1
Answer
Each set [of chromosomes is] inherited from a parent, so therefore they have two alleles at each gene locus.
17
Question
According to the notes, what term describes an organism whose alleles are the same?
Page 1
Answer
It is a homozygote, and it is homozygous.
18
Question
According to the notes, what term describes an organism whose alleles are varying?
Page 1
Answer
It is a heterozygote, and is heterozygous.
19
Question
How do the notes define dominant alleles?
Page 1
Answer
Dominant Alleles: Alleles with complete dominance over a trait.
20
Question
How do the notes define recessive alleles?
Page 1
Answer
Recessive Alleles: Alleles that are a version of a gene that only shows its effect if an individual has two copies of it, one from each parent.
21
Question
What trait is used as the example in the Punnett square on the second page?
Page 2
Answer
Iris colour.
22
Question
In the Punnett square example, which allele is described as the dominant allele?
Page 2
Answer
Capital G (the dominant allele).
23
Question
In the Punnett square example, which allele codes for green iris colour?
Page 2
Answer
Capital G (the dominant allele) codes for green iris colour.
24
Question
In the Punnett square example, which allele codes for grey iris colour?
Page 2
Answer
Lowercase g (the recessive allele) codes for grey iris colour.
25
Question
According to the example in the notes, what percentage chance is there for offspring to show green iris colour?
Page 2
Answer
75% likely to have the trait for green iris colour.
26
Question
According to the example in the notes, what percentage chance is there for offspring to show grey iris colour?
Page 2
Answer
25% likely to have the trait for grey iris colour.
27
Question
Which genotype appears in the top-left cell of the Punnett square example?
Page 2
Answer
GG.
28
Question
Which genotype appears in the top-right cell of the Punnett square example?
Page 2
Answer
Gg.
29
Question
Which genotype appears in the bottom-left cell of the Punnett square example?
Page 2
Answer
Gg.
30
Question
Which genotype appears in the bottom-right cell of the Punnett square example?
Page 2
Answer
gg.