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Lipids Fundamentals
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1
Question
According to the notes, how do lipids compare to carbohydrates in palatability and storage?
Page 3
Answer
They are more palatable and storable to unlimited amount compared to carbohydrates.
2
Question
What percentage of body needs do lipids supply according to the notes?
Page 3
Answer
They have a high-energy value (25% of body needs).
3
Question
According to the notes, how do lipids compare in energy per gram with carbohydrates and proteins?
Page 3
Answer
They provide more energy per gram than carbohydrates and proteins.
4
Question
Which macronutrient does the notes state is the preferable source of energy?
Page 3
Answer
Carbohydrates are the preferable source of energy.
5
Question
What essential nutrients do lipids supply that the body cannot synthesize?
Page 3
Answer
They supply the essential fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by the body.
6
Question
Which fat-soluble vitamins do lipids supply according to the notes?
Page 3
Answer
They supply the body with fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K).
7
Question
What role do lipids play in the nervous system according to the notes?
Page 3
Answer
They are important constituents of the nervous system.
8
Question
According to the notes, what is tissue fat an essential constituent of?
Page 3
Answer
Tissue fat is an essential constituent of cell membrane and nervous system.
9
Question
What does the slide state tissue fat is mainly composed of in nature?
Page 3
Answer
It is mainly phospholipids in nature.
10
Question
How does the notes say phospholipids in tissue fat are affected by starvation?
Page 3
Answer
They are not affected by starvation.
11
Question
What term does the slide use for stored lipids?
Page 3
Answer
Stored lipids are referred to as "depot fat".
12
Question
According to the notes, in which cells is depot fat stored?
Page 3
Answer
Depot fat is stored in all human cells.
13
Question
What is one function of depot fat listed on the slide?
Page 3
Answer
A store of energy.
14
Question
How does depot fat protect the internal organs according to the notes?
Page 3
Answer
It acts as a pad for the internal organs to protect them from outside shocks.
15
Question
What thermal role does subcutaneous depot fat play according to the notes?
Page 3
Answer
It acts as a subcutaneous thermal insulator against loss of body heat.
16
Question
How do the notes define lipoproteins in terms of composition?
Page 3
Answer
Lipoproteins are complex of lipids and proteins.
17
Question
Where do the notes say lipoproteins are present within cells?
Page 3
Answer
They are present both in the cellular and subcellular membranes.
18
Question
What structural role for cholesterol is stated in the notes?
Page 3
Answer
Cholesterol enters in membrane structure.
19
Question
For what syntheses does the slide state cholesterol is used?
Page 3
Answer
It is used for synthesis of adrenal cortical hormones, vitamin D3 and bile acids.
20
Question
Which diseases does the slide list that lipids provide bases for dealing with?
Page 3
Answer
Obesity, atherosclerosis, lipid-storage diseases, essential fatty acid deficiency, respiratory distress syndrome
21
Question
According to the notes, what are the four major classes of lipids listed?
Page 4
Answer
Simple lipid (Fats & Waxes); Complex lipid; Compound or conjugated lipids; Derived lipids
22
Question
When is a triglyceride called a simple triglyceride according to the notes?
Page 7
Answer
If the three fatty acids connected to glycerol are of the same type the triglyceride is called simple triglyceride, e.g., tripalmitin.
23
Question
When is a triglyceride called a mixed triglyceride according to the notes?
Page 7
Answer
If the three fatty acids connected to glycerol are of different types, it is called mixed triglycerides, e.g., stearo-diolein and palmito-oleo-stearin.
24
Question
What example does the notes give for a simple triacylglycerol?
Page 7
Answer
Tripalmitin (simple triacylglycerol).
25
Question
Which specific mixed triacylglycerols are named as examples in the notes?
Page 7
Answer
Stearo-diolein and palmito-oleo-stearin are given as examples of mixed triglycerides.
26
Question
How do the notes describe the composition of natural fats?
Page 7
Answer
Natural fats are mixtures of mixed triglycerides with a small amount of simple triglycerides.