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Cardiovascular and Renal Homeostasis
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1
Question
What substances does blood transport to organs and tissues?
Page 3
Answer
Glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids
2
Question
What waste products does blood pick up from tissues for excretion?
Page 3
Answer
Carbon dioxide for lungs and urea for kidneys
3
Question
How does vasodilation contribute to homeostasis during heat loss?
Page 3
Answer
Vasodilation allows more heat loss from the body
4
Question
What is the function of blood flow distribution in homeostasis?
Page 3
Answer
Distributes heat around the body
5
Question
What pH range must the body maintain for optimal enzyme function?
Page 3
Answer
pH 7.35-7.45
6
Question
How does the cardiovascular system help maintain blood pH?
Page 3
Answer
By controlling CO2 transport
7
Question
What happens when CO2 dissolves in blood to affect pH?
Page 3
Answer
Increases carbonic acid formation which lowers pH
8
Question
What do cardiovascular buffer systems transport to stabilize pH?
Page 3
Answer
Bicarbonate, proteins, and buffers around the body
9
Question
Which tissues receive more blood supply during exercise?
Page 3
Answer
Muscles for oxygen and glucose, heart, and skin through sweating and vasodilation
10
Question
Which organs receive less blood during exercise?
Page 3
Answer
Digestive organs and non-essential areas
11
Question
What is the purpose of controlled vasodilation in active tissues during exercise?
Page 3
Answer
Matches blood supply to increased needs
12
Question
How does vasoconstriction in non-active tissues help during exercise?
Page 3
Answer
Reduces blood flow to non-essential areas
13
Question
What are two purposes of blood redistribution during exercise?
Page 3
Answer
Prevents overworking the lungs and maintains oxygen delivery
14
Question
What does excretion primarily prevent in the body?
Page 3
Answer
Build-up of toxic metabolic wastes produced inside the body
15
Question
What is the origin and removal site of urea as an excretory product?
Page 3
Answer
From breakdown of proteins and amino acids, removed by kidneys
16
Question
Which organs regulate salts and water excretion?
Page 3
Answer
Kidneys and skin
17
Question
Why is it essential to excrete salts and water?
Page 3
Answer
Removes harmful materials like urea and helps maintain stable internal conditions for cells
18
Question
What do lungs primarily excrete?
Page 3
Answer
CO2 and water
19
Question
What does skin excrete through sweat?
Page 3
Answer
Salts and water
20
Question
What is the role of the liver in excretion?
Page 3
Answer
Detoxifies substances
21
Question
What is osmosis in the context of excretion?
Page 3
Answer
Movement of water from higher water concentration to lower concentration through a membrane
22
Question
What is the function of kidneys in the excretory system?
Page 3
Answer
Filter blood and parts urine
23
Question
What do ureters do in the urinary system?
Page 3
Answer
Carry urine from kidneys to bladder
24
Question
What is the role of the urinary bladder?
Page 3
Answer
Temporarily stores urine
25
Question
What are the major regions of the kidney?
Page 4
Answer
Cortex contains glomeruli and convoluted tubules, medulla contains loops of Henle, pelvis collects urine
26
Question
What does the renal artery supply to the kidney?
Page 4
Answer
Carries blood wastes
27
Question
What is the path of blood through kidney arterioles?
Page 4
Answer
Afferent arteriole to glomerulus, efferent arteriole out of glomerulus
28
Question
What is the nephron?
Page 4
Answer
Functional unit of the kidney where filtration and urine formation occur
29
Question
Name the main parts of the nephron structure.
Page 4
Answer
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
30
Question
Where does glomerular filtration occur in the nephron?
Page 4
Answer
In Bowman's capsule