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Computer Fundamentals
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1
Question
What is the primary function of a computer as an electronic data processing device?
Page 6
Answer
Accepts and stores data input, processes the data input, and generates the output in a required format.
2
Question
What are the five main functionalities that any digital computer carries out in a broad sense?
Page 6
Answer
Takes data as input; stores the data/instructions in its memory; processes the data; generates the output; controls all the above four steps.
3
Question
Why is a computer described as having high speed?
Page 6
Answer
It is capable of performing calculations on very large amounts of data in microsecond, nanosecond, or picosecond units, doing millions of calculations in seconds.
4
Question
What does accuracy in computers depend on?
Page 7
Answer
Computers perform all jobs with 100% accuracy provided that the input data is correct.
5
Question
How does a computer's storage capability compare to human beings?
Page 7
Answer
A computer has much more storage capacity than human beings and can store large amounts of any type of data such as images, videos, text, audio.
6
Question
What is diligence in the context of computer advantages?
Page 7
Answer
A computer is free from monotony, tiredness, and lack of concentration; it can work continuously without errors or boredom.
7
Question
Why is a computer considered versatile?
Page 7
Answer
A computer is flexible in performing various jobs and can solve problems in diverse fields, from scientific computations to games.
8
Question
What contributes to the reliability of modern computers?
Page 7
Answer
Modern electronic components have long lives and computers are designed for easy maintenance.
9
Question
How does computer automation work?
Page 8
Answer
Once a program is stored in memory, it controls execution without human interaction.
10
Question
What economic benefit do computers provide in organizations?
Page 8
Answer
They reduce paper work, speed up processes, and lower transaction costs despite high initial investment.
11
Question
Why do computers lack I.Q.?
Page 8
Answer
A computer has no intelligence to perform tasks independently; each instruction must be given explicitly.
12
Question
What is a key dependency disadvantage of computers?
Page 8
Answer
Computers function only per user instructions and are fully dependent on humans.
13
Question
What environmental requirement do computers have?
Page 8
Answer
The operating environment must be dust-free and suitable.
14
Question
Why can't computers make judgments like humans?
Page 8
Answer
Computers have no feelings, emotions, taste, experience, or knowledge for such judgments.
15
Question
How are computers used in business organizations for payroll?
Page 9
Answer
Computers perform payroll calculations.
16
Question
What banking facilities do computers provide online?
Page 9
Answer
Checking current balance, making deposits and overdrafts, checking interest charges, shares, and trustee records.
17
Question
How do insurance companies use computers for client records?
Page 10
Answer
Maintaining databases with policy procedures, start dates, installments, maturity dates, interests, benefits, and bonuses.
18
Question
What is CBE in the education system facilitated by computers?
Page 10
Answer
Computer Based Education, involving control, delivery, and evaluation of learning.
19
Question
How do computers aid marketing through advertising?
Page 10
Answer
Creating art, graphics, writing copy, and disseminating ads to sell products.
20
Question
What role do computers play in healthcare diagnostic systems?
Page 11
Answer
Collecting data and identifying causes of illness.
21
Question
In patient monitoring systems, what do computers check for?
Page 11
Answer
Patient signs for abnormalities such as in Cardiac Arrest or ECG.
22
Question
What is CAD in engineering design?
Page 11
Answer
Computer Aided Design for creation and modification of images.
23
Question
How are computers used in structural engineering?
Page 12
Answer
For stress and strain analysis in designing ships, buildings, bridges, airplanes.
24
Question
What military applications involve computers?
Page 12
Answer
Missile control, military communication, operations planning, and smart weapons.
25
Question
Name four communication methods enabled by computers.
Page 12
Answer
E-mail, chatting, Usenet, FTP, Telnet, video-conferencing.
26
Question
What government services use computers for computation?
Page 12
Answer
Budgets, sales tax, income tax, male/female ratio, voters lists, PAN cards, weather forecasting.
27
Question
What defines a generation in computer terminology?
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Answer
A change in technology used in hardware and software making up the computer system.
28
Question
What was the time period and key technology of first generation computers?
Page 13
Answer
1946-1959, vacuum tube based.
29
Question
Identify the time period and technology for second generation computers.
Page 13
Answer
1959-1965, transistor based.
30
Question
What characterized third generation computers?
Page 13
Answer
1965-1971, Integrated Circuit based.