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Cell Membrane Structure and Function
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1
Question
What is the primary structural feature of the plasma membrane?
Answer
Phospholipid bilayer
2
Question
What property characterizes the phosphate heads of phospholipids?
Answer
Hydrophilic
3
Question
What property characterizes the fatty acid tails of phospholipids?
Answer
Hydrophobic
4
Question
What model describes the plasma membrane's dynamic arrangement of lipids and proteins?
Answer
Fluid mosaic model
5
Question
What maintains the fluidity and stability of the plasma membrane?
Answer
Cholesterol
6
Question
What are proteins fully embedded within the phospholipid bilayer called?
Answer
Integral proteins
7
Question
What are proteins loosely attached to the inner or outer surface of the plasma membrane?
Answer
Peripheral proteins
8
Question
What structures on the plasma membrane increase surface area for absorption?
Answer
Microvilli
9
Question
What carbohydrate-containing proteins on the outer cell surface aid in cell recognition?
Answer
Glycoproteins
10
Question
What type of junction forms a watertight seal between adjacent cells?
Answer
Tight junctions
11
Question
What junctions anchor cells together, providing mechanical strength?
Answer
Desmosomes (adhering junctions)
12
Question
What junctions allow direct cytoplasmic communication between adjacent cells?
Answer
Gap junctions
13
Question
What is the net movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy input?
Answer
Simple diffusion
14
Question
What passive transport uses channel or carrier proteins for specific solutes?
Answer
Facilitated diffusion
15
Question
What is the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane?
Answer
Osmosis
16
Question
What transport mechanism requires ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?
Answer
Active transport
17
Question
What process brings substances into the cell by engulfing them with the membrane?
Answer
Endocytosis
18
Question
What process expels substances from the cell by vesicle fusion with the membrane?
Answer
Exocytosis
19
Question
What term describes a solution with higher solute concentration than inside the cell?
Answer
Hypertonic
20
Question
What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
Answer
It shrinks due to water loss
21
Question
What solution has lower solute concentration than inside the cell?
Answer
Hypotonic
22
Question
What occurs to a cell in a hypotonic solution?
Answer
It swells due to water influx
23
Question
What solution has equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell?
Answer
Isotonic
24
Question
What are short, hair-like projections on cells for movement?
Answer
Cilia
25
Question
What communication affects nearby target cells?
Answer
Paracrine signaling
26
Question
What signaling travels long distances via blood to distant targets?
Answer
Endocrine signaling
27
Question
What is osmosis across a membrane that is impermeable to solutes but permeable to water?
Answer
Diffusion of water down its concentration gradient
28
Question
Why does facilitated diffusion require proteins?
Answer
For polar or charged molecules that can't pass through the lipid bilayer
29
Question
What provides the energy for active transport?
Answer
ATP
30
Question
What organelle is the control center containing DNA?
Answer
Nucleus