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Psychology Core Concepts
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1
Question
What is the definition of psychology according to the study guide?
Page 1
Answer
Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior, encompassing all aspects of human experience.
2
Question
What scope item in psychology refers to studying the brain itself?
Page 1
Answer
Functions of the brain (studying how brain structures and processes relate to behavior and mental processes).
3
Question
Which scope item describes studying how people think, feel, and behave both individually and in groups?
Page 1
Answer
How people think, feel, and behave individually and in groups (examining cognition, emotion, and social/individual behavior).
4
Question
What does 'development across the lifespan' mean in the scope of psychology?
Page 1
Answer
It refers to studying psychological development from childhood through aging, including changes in behavior, cognition, and emotion across life stages.
5
Question
What is the stated primary purpose of psychology in this material?
Page 1
Answer
To understand and predict behavior by identifying its causes.
6
Question
Name the three types of factors listed that influence the complexity of behavior.
Page 1
Answer
Genetic factors, cultural factors, and social factors influence the complexity of behavior.
7
Question
What does the study guide state about how the genetic, cultural, and social influences relate to each other?
Page 1
Answer
These influences interact with one another and are not independent.
8
Question
How are psychological predictions characterized in the study guide?
Page 1
Answer
Psychological predictions are probabilistic, not absolute — they indicate likelihoods rather than certainties.
9
Question
Why is the distinction between the conscious and unconscious mind important according to the guide?
Page 1
Answer
Because it is a fundamental distinction for understanding thought, motivation, and behavior.
10
Question
How does the study guide describe the mind in terms of physicality and form?
Page 1
Answer
The mind is described as non-physical and formless; it cannot be seen or touched.
11
Question
According to the study guide, what mental capacities is the mind the source of? (Part 1)
Page 1
Answer
The mind is the source of awareness and perception.
12
Question
According to the study guide, what mental capacities is the mind the source of? (Part 2)
Page 1
Answer
The mind is the source of thought and cognition.
13
Question
What is the Conscious Mind also called and within which senses does it operate?
Page 2
Answer
Also called the thinking or objective mind; it operates within the five senses: sight, touch, taste, hearing, and smell.
14
Question
What is one primary function of the conscious mind related to immediate environment?
Page 2
Answer
Being aware of surroundings.
15
Question
How does the conscious mind use past experiences?
Page 2
Answer
It compares current experiences to past memories.
16
Question
What decision-related functions does the conscious mind perform?
Page 2
Answer
It makes decisions and analyzes information.
17
Question
What overarching role does the Unconscious (Subconscious) Mind play in storing experiences and influencing behavior?
Page 2
Answer
It acts like an unlimited hard drive storing all past experiences and influences automatic behavior, emotional responses, and identity formation.
18
Question
What type of experiences does the unconscious mind store that may be repressed?
Page 2
Answer
Traumas, including repressed traumas.
19
Question
What kinds of habitual mental content are stored in the unconscious mind?
Page 2
Answer
Habits, beliefs, and thought patterns — which can be helpful or limiting.
20
Question
Give examples of core beliefs stored in the unconscious that affect self-worth.
Page 2
Answer
Core beliefs such as “I’m not good enough” or “I’m smart.” These are deep-seated views about one’s own worth and abilities.
21
Question
What was Maslow’s core belief about fundamental human desires?
Page 2
Answer
Maslow believed that the fundamental desires of human beings are similar despite differences in conscious desires.
22
Question
What psychological movement did Maslow introduce and what did he emphasize?
Page 2
Answer
He introduced Positive Psychology and emphasized self-fulfillment.
23
Question
What are Physiological Needs in Maslow’s hierarchy?
Page 2
Answer
Physiological Needs are basic survival needs: food, water, warmth, and rest.
24
Question
What are Safety Needs in Maslow’s hierarchy?
Page 2
Answer
Safety Needs involve security and safety.
25
Question
What are Love/Belonging Needs according to Maslow?
Page 2
Answer
Love/Belonging Needs include relationships, friendship, and intimacy.
26
Question
What are Esteem Needs and Self-Actualization in Maslow’s hierarchy, and what later addition did Maslow make?
Page 2
Answer
- Esteem Needs: respect, recognition, and self-worth. - Self-Actualization: achieving one’s full potential. - Later Maslow added a 6th level: Self-Transcendence — seeking truth, spirituality, and service to others.
27
Question
What is a "cyber self"?
Page 6
Answer
A "cyber self" is the version of oneself presented online, shaped by how one wants to appear and influenced by others' judgments, feedback, and social comparison.
28
Question
How do others' judgments influence the development of a cyber self?
Page 6
Answer
Others' judgments shape what parts of the self a person highlights or hides online, guiding edits to their online persona to align with perceived approval or disapproval.
29
Question
How does feedback influence the cyber self?
Page 6
Answer
Feedback (likes, comments, messages) reinforces certain behaviors and self-presentations online, encouraging repetition of content that receives positive responses.
30
Question
What role does social comparison play in forming a cyber self?
Page 6
Answer
Social comparison leads people to model their online presentations after others they view favorably, adjusting content to match perceived social standards or norms.