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Civic Participation and Elections
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1
Question
What is 'political efficacy' in the context of voting and civic participation?
Page 1
Answer
The belief that your participation matters and that your vote can influence the government.
2
Question
What is 'voter apathy' and why do some people not vote?
Page 1
Answer
Voter apathy is when people don’t vote because they feel it won’t make a difference or they don’t care about politics.
3
Question
What did the 15th Amendment do and in what year was it ratified?
Page 1
Answer
The 15th Amendment gave Black men the right to vote; it was ratified in 1870.
4
Question
What change did the 17th Amendment introduce and when was it ratified?
Page 1
Answer
The 17th Amendment allowed voters to directly elect U.S. Senators; it was ratified in 1913.
5
Question
What did the 19th Amendment accomplish and what year was it ratified?
Page 1
Answer
The 19th Amendment granted women the right to vote; it was ratified in 1920.
6
Question
What did the 24th Amendment do and when was it ratified?
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Answer
The 24th Amendment banned poll taxes in federal elections; it was ratified in 1964.
7
Question
What did the 26th Amendment change and in what year was it ratified?
Page 1
Answer
The 26th Amendment lowered the voting age from 21 to 18; it was ratified in 1971.
8
Question
How did the Civil Rights Movement relate to historical suffrage movements?
Page 1
Answer
The Civil Rights Movement fought for fair voting rights by challenging discrimination (like literacy tests and intimidation) and expanding access to the ballot for Black Americans.
9
Question
How did the Women's Rights Movement contribute to historical suffrage movements?
Page 1
Answer
The Women's Rights Movement campaigned for women's suffrage, culminating in the 19th Amendment which granted women the right to vote in 1920.
10
Question
What does the 'rational choice' model of voting behavior say a voter does?
Page 1
Answer
Under the rational choice model, a voter chooses the option (candidate or policy) that they believe benefits them the most personally.
11
Question
What does the 'retrospective' model of voting behavior ask voters to evaluate?
Page 1
Answer
The retrospective model has voters evaluate a candidate’s or incumbent’s past performance when deciding how to vote.
12
Question
What is the 'prospective' model of voting behavior?
Page 1
Answer
The prospective model means voters cast their vote based on candidates’ promises and expected future performance (future-oriented voting).
13
Question
What does 'party-line' voting behavior describe?
Page 1
Answer
Party-line voting describes always voting with your political party regardless of individual candidate specifics.
14
Question
What do voter ID laws generally require?
Page 1
Answer
Voter ID laws require voters to present government-issued identification in order to cast a ballot.
15
Question
What is a common criticism of voter ID laws regarding who they affect?
Page 1
Answer
A common criticism is that voter ID laws can make voting harder for minorities, low-income people, the elderly, and students by limiting access to required identification.
16
Question
What is a Political Action Committee (PAC)?
Page 3
Answer
A PAC is an organization that donates limited money directly to political candidates.
17
Question
What is a SuperPAC?
Page 3
Answer
A SuperPAC can spend unlimited money on political ads and other independent expenditures, but it cannot coordinate with candidates' campaigns.
18
Question
What is the key difference between PACs and SuperPACs?
Page 3
Answer
PACs donate limited amounts directly to candidates; SuperPACs can spend unlimited amounts independently on ads but may not coordinate with campaigns.
19
Question
How does partisanship affect media trust trends?
Page 3
Answer
Partisanship causes different political groups to trust different news sources, which affects what information people believe.
20
Question
How does name recognition give incumbents an advantage?
Page 3
Answer
Name recognition makes voters more likely to choose a familiar candidate, increasing an incumbent's electoral chances.
21
Question
How do constituent services contribute to incumbency advantage?
Page 3
Answer
Incumbents can provide services or help to voters, which builds goodwill and voter support.
22
Question
Why do strong donor networks give incumbents an electoral advantage?
Page 3
Answer
Strong donor networks and fundraising provide incumbents with more resources for campaigning, advertising, and outreach.
23
Question
What characterizes the length of modern election cycles?
Page 3
Answer
Modern campaigns have very long election cycles, with campaigning often starting well before the election year.
24
Question
What role does fundraising play in modern campaigns?
Page 3
Answer
Modern campaigns place a heavy focus on fundraising as a central activity for building campaign resources and competitiveness.
25
Question
How have professional consultants and media ads changed modern campaigns?
Page 3
Answer
Modern campaigns increasingly use professional consultants and large volumes of media advertising to shape voter perceptions and messaging.
26
Question
What was the Supreme Court's holding in Citizens United v. FEC (2010)?
Page 3
Answer
The Supreme Court ruled that groups can spend unlimited money independently in elections.
27
Question
What was a major consequence of the Citizens United (2010) decision?
Page 3
Answer
The decision led to increased SuperPAC influence, since groups can now spend unlimited money independently in elections.