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Metabolic Engineering and Biosafety Essentials
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1
Question
What is metabolic engineering?
Page 2
Answer
The practice of optimizing genetic and regulatory processes within cells to increase the production of desired substances.
2
Question
What processes does metabolic engineering optimize within cells?
Page 2
Answer
Genetic and regulatory processes.
3
Question
What is the primary aim of optimizing processes in metabolic engineering?
Page 2
Answer
To increase the production of desired substances.
4
Question
What is the ultimate goal of metabolic engineering?
Page 2
Answer
To use organisms to produce valuable substances on an industrial scale in a cost-effective manner.
5
Question
Name three categories of products that metabolic engineering applies to.
Page 2
Answer
• Biofuels • Pharmaceuticals • Amino acids
6
Question
How does metabolic engineering produce biotechnological products?
Page 2
Answer
By altering gene expressions, blocking competing pathways, and introducing new genes.
7
Question
What must be maintained while altering genetic pathways in metabolic engineering?
Page 2
Answer
Cell viability and function.
8
Question
What is the starting material in a typical metabolic engineering pathway?
Page 2
Answer
Sustainable carbon substrate.
9
Question
What molecule is transcribed from DNA to direct enzyme production in metabolic engineering?
Page 2
Answer
mRNA.
10
Question
What do enzymes convert in the metabolic engineering process?
Page 2
Answer
Substrate into product.
11
Question
List five types of valuable products produced via metabolic engineering pathways.
Page 2
Answer
• Bulk chemicals • Fine chemicals • Fuels • Nutraceuticals • Pharmaceuticals
12
Question
Why is blocking competing pathways useful in metabolic engineering?
Page 2
Answer
It redirects cellular resources toward the production of desired substances.
13
Question
In metabolic engineering, what serves as the source of genetic information for enzyme synthesis?
Page 2
Answer
DNA.
14
Question
How does introducing new genes contribute to metabolic engineering?
Page 2
Answer
It enables the production of novel enzymes or pathways for desired substances.
15
Question
What is biosafety?
Page 6
Answer
The containment principles, practices, and technologies implemented to prevent the unintentional exposure of laboratory personnel, the community, and the environment to pathogens and toxins.
16
Question
What does biosafety primarily prevent?
Page 6
Answer
Unintentional exposure of laboratory personnel, the community, and the environment to pathogens and toxins.
17
Question
Who are protected by biosafety measures?
Page 6
Answer
Laboratory personnel, the community, and the outside environment.
18
Question
From what hazards does biosafety protect laboratory personnel, community, and environment?
Page 6
Answer
Pathogens and toxins.
19
Question
What does biosafety involve in terms of infectious agents?
Page 6
Answer
Managing and handling infectious agents in ways that protect both laboratory workers and the outside environment.
20
Question
Name the three main components of biosafety.
Page 6
Answer
• Containment principles • Practices • Technologies
21
Question
How is biosafety achieved through work practices?
Page 6
Answer
Through strict work practices.
22
Question
What is an example of safety equipment used in biosafety?
Page 6
Answer
Biological safety cabinets.
23
Question
What is the purpose of facility design features in biosafety?
Page 6
Answer
To minimize the possibility of accidental release or contamination.
24
Question
What are the four Biosafety Levels (BSL)?
Page 6
Answer
BSL-1, BSL-2, BSL-3, BSL-4.
25
Question
What level of risk is associated with BSL-1?
Page 6
Answer
Low risk to personnel and the environment.
26
Question
What level of risk is associated with BSL-2?
Page 6
Answer
Moderate risk to personnel and the environment.
27
Question
What type of risk does BSL-3 address?
Page 6
Answer
Serious risk or plant pathogens not spread by casual contact.
28
Question
What characterizes BSL-4 risks?
Page 6
Answer
Very serious disease for human, animal, or plant pathogens (often untreatable).
29
Question
Why are biological safety cabinets used in biosafety?
Page 6
Answer
As safety equipment to help contain pathogens and prevent exposure.
30
Question
How do biosafety measures protect both lab workers and the outside environment?
Page 6
Answer
By managing infectious agents through practices, equipment like biological safety cabinets, and facility designs that minimize accidental release.