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Lead Acid Battery Basics
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Question
What is a lead-acid battery?
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Answer
A lead-acid battery is a type of rechargeable battery that stores electrical energy through reversible chemical reactions between lead-based electrodes and a sulfuric acid electrolyte.
Question
Who invented the lead-acid battery and in what year?
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Answer
Gaston Planté invented the lead-acid battery in 1859.
Question
What material is used for the negative electrode in a charged lead-acid battery?
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Answer
The negative electrode is sponge lead (\$Pb\$).
Question
What compound is used for the positive electrode in a charged lead-acid battery?
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Answer
The positive electrode is lead dioxide (\$PbO_2\$).
Question
What is the electrolyte in a lead-acid battery and its typical concentration range?
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Answer
The electrolyte is sulfuric acid (\$H_2SO_4\$) at about 30–40% concentration.
Question
What is one separator material used in lead-acid batteries: polyethylene?
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Answer
Polyethylene is used as a separator material in lead-acid batteries.
Question
What is one separator material used in lead-acid batteries: rubber?
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Answer
Rubber is used as a separator material in lead-acid batteries.
Question
What is one separator material used in lead-acid batteries: polyvinyl chloride (PVC)?
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Answer
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is used as a separator material in lead-acid batteries.
Question
What is one separator material used in lead-acid batteries: glass mat?
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Answer
Glass mat (a fibrous glass separator) is used as a separator material in lead-acid batteries.
Question
What is one separator material used in lead-acid batteries: silica-based materials?
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Answer
Silica-based materials are used as separator materials in lead-acid batteries.
Question
What is one separator material used in lead-acid batteries: wood or cellulose?
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Answer
Wood or cellulose-based materials are used as separators in some lead-acid batteries.
Question
What is the primary function of the separator in a lead-acid battery?
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Answer
The separator prevents short circuits by keeping the positive and negative electrodes apart while allowing ionic (ion) flow between them.
Question
How many cells are usually mounted in a sealed lead-acid battery case and how are they arranged?
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Answer
A sealed lead-acid battery usually consists of six cells mounted side by side in a single case, with the cells coupled together.
Question
What is the nominal voltage of one lead-acid cell?
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Answer
Each lead-acid cell provides a nominal voltage of 2.0 V.
Question
What is the overall nominal voltage of a typical 6-cell sealed lead-acid battery?
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Answer
The overall nominal voltage of a typical 6-cell sealed lead-acid battery is 12.0 V (6 × 2.0 V).