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Scientific Method Essentials
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1
Question
What is the scientific method?
Page 2
Answer
The scientific method is asking and answering questions plus making predictions.
2
Question
List the five steps of the scientific method in order.
Page 2
Answer
1. Observation 2. Define the problem 3. Formulate hypothesis 4. Conduct experiment 5. Derive theory
3
Question
What is the role of observation in the scientific method?
Page 2
Answer
Observation involves asking testable questions.
4
Question
What does defining the problem entail in the scientific method?
Page 2
Answer
Defining the problem involves asking testable questions.
5
Question
What is the third step in the scientific method?
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Answer
Formulate hypothesis
6
Question
What is the fourth step in the scientific method?
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Answer
Conduct experiment
7
Question
What is the final step in the scientific method?
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Answer
Derive theory
8
Question
What is a hypothesis?
Page 2
Answer
A hypothesis is a tentative assumption.
9
Question
What must a hypothesis be consistent with?
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Answer
A hypothesis must be consistent with observations.
10
Question
What is the purpose of a hypothesis?
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Answer
A hypothesis is used to test logical or empirical consequences.
11
Question
What types of hypotheses can there be?
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Answer
A hypothesis can be null or alternative.
12
Question
What does the null hypothesis (H₀) assume?
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Answer
The null hypothesis (H₀) assumes no relationship between variables.
13
Question
How do scientists prove a relationship between variables?
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Answer
To prove a relationship, scientists attempt to reject the null hypothesis (H₀).
14
Question
What does the alternative hypothesis (H₁) suggest?
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Answer
The alternative hypothesis (H₁) suggests the experimental variable influences the outcome.
15
Question
What is the relationship between the null and alternative hypotheses?
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Answer
The alternative hypothesis (H₁) is complementary to the null hypothesis (H₀).
16
Question
Give an example of variables in a null and alternative hypothesis context.
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Answer
Examples include salary and gender, or job experience and quality.
17
Question
What is a theory in science?
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Answer
A theory consists of scientifically acceptable principles explaining phenomena.
18
Question
How does a theory relate to examples like salary and gender?
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Answer
Theories explain phenomena such as the relationship between salary and gender.
19
Question
What is the key difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
Page 2
Answer
A hypothesis is a tentative assumption to be tested, while a theory is a set of scientifically acceptable principles that explain phenomena after testing.