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Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards
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1
Question
What are the two basic types of cells discussed in the material?
Page 6
Answer
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
2
Question
Define prokaryotic cells.
Page 6
Answer
Single-celled organisms, all are bacteria
3
Question
Define eukaryotic cells.
Page 6
Answer
Single-celled or multicellular organisms
4
Question
What does 'pro' mean in prokaryote?
Page 6
Answer
Before
5
Question
What does 'eu' mean in eukaryote?
Page 6
Answer
True
6
Question
What does 'karyon' mean in prokaryote and eukaryote?
Page 6
Answer
Nucleus
7
Question
Which microorganisms are prokaryotic?
Page 3
Answer
Bacteria and Archaea
8
Question
Which microorganisms are eukaryotic?
Page 3
Answer
Algae, Fungi (molds, yeast), Protozoa, Parasites-helminths
9
Question
In the three-domain system, what are the domains?
Page 5
Answer
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
10
Question
What is the main genetic material difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
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Answer
Prokaryotic: Usually found in single circular chromosome. Eukaryotic: Typically found in paired chromosomes
11
Question
Where is genetic information located in prokaryotic cells?
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Answer
Nucleoid region (no nucleus)
12
Question
Where is genetic information located in eukaryotic cells?
Page 7
Answer
Multiple chromosomes enclosed in nuclear membrane
13
Question
What type of DNA do prokaryotic cells have?
Page 7
Answer
Circular DNA that floats freely around the cell
14
Question
What type of DNA do eukaryotic cells have?
Page 7
Answer
Linear DNA held in the nucleus
15
Question
How does the size of prokaryotic cells compare to eukaryotic cells?
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Answer
No membrane-bound organelles; typically much smaller
16
Question
What ribosomes are in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Page 7
Answer
Ribosomes
17
Question
What is the cytoplasm in both cell types?
Page 7
Answer
Cytoplasm
18
Question
Do both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have plasma membranes?
Page 7
Answer
Yes, some membranes have cell walls
19
Question
What is unique to eukaryotic cells in terms of organelles?
Page 9
Answer
Divide by binary fission; typically unicellular and aseptic
20
Question
What are the main components of a typical prokaryotic cell?
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Answer
Cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes, nucleoid, inclusions, capsule, flagella, pili
21
Question
What is the typical size range for prokaryotes?
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Answer
From 0.2–2.0 μm in diameter and from 2.0–8.0 μm in length
22
Question
What is an exception to the typical prokaryote size?
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Answer
1991: Epulopiscium fishelsoni is a bacterial symbiont of sturgeon fish (80 μm in diameter and 600 μm in length)
23
Question
What was the largest known bacterium in 1999?
Page 11
Answer
Thiomargarita namibiensis (100–300 μm in diameter)
24
Question
Name the basic shapes of bacterial cells.
Page 12
Answer
Coccus (spherical), Coccobacillus (oval), Vibrio (comma), Bacillus (rod), Spirillum (spiral), Spirochete (corkscrew)
25
Question
What is a pleomorphic bacterium?
Page 12
Answer
Bacteria that have many shapes
26
Question
What are diplococci?
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Answer
Cocci in pairs (e.g., Neisseria sp.)
27
Question
What are streptococci?
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Answer
Cocci in chains (e.g., Streptococcus sp.)
28
Question
What are staphylococci?
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Answer
Cocci in clusters (e.g., Staphylococcus sp.)
29
Question
What are tetrads?
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Answer
Cocci in groups of four
30
Question
What are sarcinae?
Page 13
Answer
Cocci in cubical packets of eight