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Cell Membrane and Cell Theory Flashcards
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1
Question
What is selective permeability in the context of cell membranes?
Page 1
Answer
The property of the cell membrane that allows some molecules to pass through while blocking others.
2
Question
Define channel protein.
Page 1
Answer
A protein that forms a pore in the membrane allowing specific ions or molecules to pass through.
3
Question
What is carrier protein?
Page 1
Answer
A protein that changes shape to transport specific molecules across the membrane.
4
Question
Explain the function of a receptor protein.
Page 1
Answer
A protein that binds to specific molecules to trigger a response inside the cell.
5
Question
What are enzymes in the membrane?
Page 1
Answer
Proteins that catalyze chemical reactions at the cell surface.
6
Question
Define simple diffusion.
Page 1
Answer
Movement of molecules from high to low concentration without using energy.
7
Question
What is osmosis?
Page 1
Answer
Movement of water from high water concentration (low solute) to low water concentration (high solute) across a membrane.
8
Question
Define facilitated diffusion.
Page 1
Answer
Movement of molecules from high to low concentration using a transport protein, without energy.
9
Question
What is active transport?
Page 1
Answer
Movement of molecules from low to high concentration using energy (ATP).
10
Question
Explain endocytosis.
Page 1
Answer
Process where the cell membrane engulfs materials to bring them into the cell.
11
Question
What is exocytosis?
Page 1
Answer
Process where vesicles fuse with the membrane to release materials out of the cell.
12
Question
State the first principle of cell theory.
Page 2
Answer
All living things are made up of one or more cells.
13
Question
What is the second principle of cell theory?
Page 2
Answer
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
14
Question
Describe the third principle of cell theory.
Page 2
Answer
All cells come from pre-existing cells.
15
Question
What is a hypothesis in the scientific method?
Page 2
Answer
A testable explanation or prediction based on observations.
16
Question
Why do scientists use control groups in experiments?
Page 2
Answer
To provide a baseline for comparison to see the effect of the variable.
17
Question
What is a prokaryotic cell?
Page 2
Answer
A simple cell without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
18
Question
Define eukaryotic cell.
Page 2
Answer
A complex cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
19
Question
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells regarding genetic material?
Page 3
Answer
Prokaryotes have DNA in the cytoplasm; eukaryotes have DNA in a nucleus.
20
Question
Give an example of a prokaryotic organism.
Page 3
Answer
Bacteria.
21
Question
What are ribosomes?
Page 3
Answer
Organelles that synthesize proteins.
22
Question
Function of the cell wall in plant cells.
Page 3
Answer
Provides support and protection.
23
Question
What does the cell membrane do?
Page 3
Answer
Controls what enters and exits the cell; provides protection and support.
24
Question
Role of chloroplasts.
Page 3
Answer
Convert light energy to chemical energy through photosynthesis.
25
Question
What is the function of mitochondria?
Page 3
Answer
Produce energy (ATP) from food molecules.
26
Question
Define lysosomes.
Page 3
Answer
Organelles containing enzymes that break down waste and cellular debris.
27
Question
What do vacuoles do?
Page 3
Answer
Store water, nutrients, and waste; maintain turgor pressure in plants.
28
Question
Function of the nucleus.
Page 3
Answer
Stores genetic information and controls cell activities.
29
Question
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
Page 3
Answer
Network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
30
Question
Role of Golgi apparatus.
Page 3
Answer
Modifies, packages, and ships proteins and lipids.