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AI Flashcards
Inclusive Accessibility Flashcards
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1
Question
What are the two main types of hearing loss?
Page 3
Answer
Conductive hearing loss and sensorineural hearing loss.
2
Question
Define conductive hearing loss.
Page 5
Answer
Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound waves are not conducted efficiently through the outer or middle ear to the cochlea in the inner ear.
3
Question
What is sensorineural hearing loss?
Page 3
Answer
Sensorineural hearing loss is damage to the inner ear or to the nerve pathways from the inner ear to the brain.
4
Question
Why may older people have problems distinguishing colors?
Page 3
Answer
Because cones in the retina degenerate over time, and the lenses of their eyes become more opaque.
5
Question
What is a somatosensory?
Page 3
Answer
A somatosensory is another name for a haptic interface used mainly with the eyes.
6
Question
Name three different types of assistive aids with examples.
Page 4
Answer
1. Auditory aids, e.g., hearing aids. 2. Visual aids, e.g., magnifiers. 3. Haptic aids, e.g., Braille displays.
7
Question
What is retinitis pigmentosa?
Page 4
Answer
Retinitis pigmentosa causes night blindness but good central vision until late in the disease.
8
Question
Name four of the seven Universal Design principles with aids.
Page 4
Answer
1. Equitable use. 2. Flexibility in use. 3. Simple and intuitive use. 4. Perceptible information.
9
Question
What does the environment, single products, or services be designed in a way to allow full?
Page 4
Answer
Participation and inclusion of people with disabilities.
10
Question
Explain conductive hearing loss diagram.
Page 5
Answer
The sound vibrations within the ear canal generate movement in the eardrum and ossicles, but the hair cells in the cochlea cannot vibrate.
11
Question
Speech output aids: What technical requirements for people with speech impairments?
Page 5
Answer
Unlimited vocabulary range of persons, adjustable speech rate, natural voice.
12
Question
Which types of tactile displays are not used?
Page 5
Answer
Electrical stimulation, not researched, too invasive.
13
Question
What are speech and writing applied with dysemia?
Page 5
Answer
With earphones, signal to words.
14
Question
What are the environmental/design requirements for blind people?
Page 5
Answer
Good contrast, no glare, tactile labeling.
15
Question
What problems can obstacle mounting heights cause for white cane users?
Page 6
Answer
Problems reaching, or mounting too high causing balance issues.
16
Question
What are cataracts?
Page 6
Answer
Cataracts are caused by injury, infection, or age-related changes in the lens of the eye.
17
Question
Describe the operating principle of a piezoelectric Braille display.
Page 6
Answer
Two layers of piezoceramic glued together, working on the bending principle.
18
Question
Describe Braille display, including its advantages and disadvantages.
Page 7
Answer
Moved by combination of magnet and coil. Systems with locking mechanism. Advantages: fast, low energy. Disadvantages: expensive, needs Braille knowledge.
19
Question
What environmental/design requirements do wheelchairs have?
Page 7
Answer
Armrest height, turning radius at least 150cm, door width more than 80cm.
20
Question
List human sensor systems (senses) and compare their characteristics.
Page 7
Answer
Visual: 400-700nm wavelength, good resolution, high frequency. Spatial: touch, pressure, vibration. Auditory: 20-20kHz, low resolution.
21
Question
What is the definition of visual acuity and how is it measured?
Page 8
Answer
Visual acuity is the acuteness of vision. Measured by Snellen chart: 20/20 means seeing at 20 feet what normal sees at 20.
22
Question
Give 4 examples of typical accessibility features today's OS have and briefly describe the benefits for Mac OS.
Page 8
Answer
Mouse settings, sticky keys, key repeat, audio cues. Benefits: easier navigation, reduced errors.
23
Question
What problems for people with epilepsy interfaces of technical devices cause?
Page 8
Answer
Flicker 3-60Hz, even with low intensity if difficult to avoid.
24
Question
Estimate roughly the amount of disabled people in the population statistics on disability from different countries?
Page 8
Answer
Around 10-20% worldwide, varies by country.
25
Question
What is proposed language/principle: Give two examples!
Page 9
Answer
Proposed paradigm changes from models. Examples: example with ADLs or reducing to the.
26
Question
How and where vowels / consonants are created when speaking (difference)?
Page 9
Answer
Vowels arise from oscillations of vocal cords. Consonants by constricting the air flow.
27
Question
Describe and sketch the dot (Braille) script and relief.
Page 9
Answer
6 dots in 2x3 grid, raised for Braille. Moon script: embossed in paper.
28
Question
What are Braille and Moon scripts advantages of each?
Page 9
Answer
Braille: compact, fast for blind. Moon: easier for late blind.
29
Question
What are touch and visual sense?
Page 10
Answer
Tactile includes perspective, shading, blocking of images.
30
Question
Cell phones, smartphones and tablets have opened up many new opportunities. Give an example with a disability. Select three types of disabilities and for people with disabilities. Select functionality in the area of telecommunications or app and explain how it helps.
Page 10
Answer
For blind: speech-to-text. For deaf: video calls. For motor: adaptive keyboards.