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Abnormal Psychology Key Concepts
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1
Question
What is the primary focus of abnormal psychology?
Page 2
Answer
Maladaptive behaviour – its causes, consequences, and treatment
2
Question
What are the four common features in definitions of abnormality?
Page 2
Answer
Deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger
3
Question
How is deviance defined in psychological disorders?
Page 2
Answer
Different, extreme, unusual, or bizarre behavior
4
Question
What does distress mean in the context of abnormality?
Page 2
Answer
Unpleasant and upsetting to the person and others
5
Question
Define dysfunction in terms of psychological disorders
Page 2
Answer
Interfering with daily activities in a constructive way
6
Question
What indicates danger in abnormal behavior?
Page 2
Answer
Possibly harmful to the person or others
7
Question
What does 'abnormal' literally mean?
Page 2
Answer
Away from the normal
8
Question
Why is there no ideal model of human behavior in psychology?
Page 2
Answer
No universal 'normal model' for comparison
9
Question
What are the two basic views emerging from approaches to abnormality?
Page 2
Answer
Deviation from social norms and maladaptive behavior
10
Question
How does the first approach view abnormal behavior?
Page 3
Answer
As deviation from social norms
11
Question
What is a label for abnormal according to the first approach?
Page 3
Answer
Deviant from social expectations
12
Question
How do societal norms grow?
Page 3
Answer
From particular culture, history, values, institutions
13
Question
Give an example of how culture affects views on aggression
Page 3
Answer
Competitive societies accept it; cooperative ones reject it
14
Question
Why is the social norms definition questioned?
Page 3
Answer
Assumes conformity equals normality
15
Question
What is the second approach to abnormal behavior?
Page 3
Answer
Maladaptive behavior
16
Question
What criterion determines normality in the maladaptive approach?
Page 3
Answer
Fosters well-being, growth, and actualization of potential
17
Question
How can conforming behavior be abnormal?
Page 3
Answer
If it interferes with optimal functioning and growth
18
Question
What does maladaptive imply about vulnerability?
Page 3
Answer
Inability to cope or exceptional environmental stress
19
Question
What common beliefs surround psychological disorders?
Page 3
Answer
Superstition, ignorance, fear, and shame
20
Question
Why do people hesitate to seek help for mental illness?
Page 3
Answer
Stigma of shame attached to it
21
Question
How should psychological disorder be viewed?
Page 3
Answer
As any other illness indicating adaptation failure
22
Question
What is the purpose of Activity 4.1?
Page 3
Answer
Understand perceptions of abnormal behavior through interviews
23
Question
What historical theory explains abnormal behavior supernaturally?
Page 4
Answer
Evil spirits or devil possession
24
Question
What is exorcism?
Page 4
Answer
Removing evil through countermagic and prayer
25
Question
Who is a shaman or medicine man (ojha)?
Page 4
Answer
Medium communicating with spirits for afflicted persons
26
Question
What is the biological approach to abnormal behavior?
Page 4
Answer
Bodies and brains not working properly
27
Question
How does correcting biological processes help disorders?
Page 4
Answer
Results in improved functioning for certain types
28
Question
What causes psychological problems in the psychological approach?
Page 4
Answer
Inadequacies in thinking, feeling, or perceiving the world
29
Question
Who developed the organismic approach in ancient Greece?
Page 4
Answer
Hippocrates, Socrates, Plato
30
Question
What did Galen elaborate on?
Page 4
Answer
Role of four humours in character and temperament