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Photosynthesis Essentials
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1
Question
What is the primary definition of photosynthesis?
Page 1
Answer
Process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria make food using sunlight, water, and CO₂ to produce glucose and oxygen.
2
Question
What are the main reactants in the photosynthesis equation?
Page 1
Answer
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O).
3
Question
What is the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis?
Page 1
Answer
$6CO_2 + 6H_2O + $ light energy $\rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$.
4
Question
What are the main products of photosynthesis?
Page 1
Answer
Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen (O₂).
5
Question
Where does photosynthesis primarily occur in plant cells?
Page 1
Answer
In the chloroplasts.
6
Question
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
Page 1
Answer
Green pigment that absorbs light energy, mainly red and blue wavelengths.
7
Question
Why do plants appear green?
Page 1
Answer
Chlorophyll reflects green light while absorbing red and blue.
8
Question
What is the main site of photosynthesis in a plant?
Page 1
Answer
The leaf.
9
Question
What are stomata and their function in photosynthesis?
Page 1
Answer
Tiny openings on leaf undersides that allow CO₂ in and O₂ out.
10
Question
Where do light-dependent reactions occur?
Page 1
Answer
In the thylakoids of chloroplasts.
11
Question
What are grana in chloroplasts?
Page 1
Answer
Stacks of thylakoids.
12
Question
What is the stroma in chloroplasts?
Page 1
Answer
Fluid surrounding the grana where the Calvin cycle occurs.
13
Question
What do roots do in relation to photosynthesis?
Page 1
Answer
Absorb water and minerals from the soil.
14
Question
What is the function of xylem in plants?
Page 1
Answer
Carries water from roots to leaves.
15
Question
What is the function of phloem in plants?
Page 1
Answer
Carries glucose from leaves to other parts of the plant.
16
Question
What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?
Page 1
Answer
Light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle).
17
Question
What occurs in light-dependent reactions?
Page 1
Answer
Sunlight splits water into H and O₂, producing ATP and NADPH.
18
Question
What is released as a waste product in light-dependent reactions?
Page 1
Answer
Oxygen (O₂) through the stomata.
19
Question
Where do light-independent reactions occur?
Page 1
Answer
In the stroma of chloroplasts.
20
Question
What inputs are used in light-independent reactions?
Page 1
Answer
CO₂, ATP, and NADPH to make glucose.
21
Question
What is the first stage of the Calvin cycle?
Page 2
Answer
Carbon fixation: CO₂ combines with RuBP using RuBisCO.
22
Question
What enzyme is key in carbon fixation of the Calvin cycle?
Page 2
Answer
RuBisCO.
23
Question
What is RuBP in the Calvin cycle?
Page 2
Answer
A 5-carbon molecule (ribulose bisphosphate).
24
Question
What is the second stage of the Calvin cycle?
Page 2
Answer
Reduction: ATP and NADPH form G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate).
25
Question
What is G3P in photosynthesis?
Page 2
Answer
A 3-carbon sugar used to make glucose.
26
Question
What is the third stage of the Calvin cycle?
Page 2
Answer
Regeneration: Some G3P regenerates RuBP to continue the cycle.
27
Question
What is the end product of the Calvin cycle?
Page 2
Answer
G3P, which forms glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆).
28
Question
What is Photosystem II (PSII)?
Page 2
Answer
First photosystem that captures light energy with P680 chlorophyll.
29
Question
What wavelength does P680 in PSII absorb best?
Page 2
Answer
680 nm (red light).
30
Question
What happens when light hits PSII?
Page 2
Answer
Electrons in chlorophyll are excited and leave the molecule.