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Human Fertilization and Early Embryo Development
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1
Question
Where does human fertilization typically occur?
Page 2
Answer
Ampulla of the fallopian tube
2
Question
What is the immediate product of fertilization?
Page 2
Answer
Totipotent zygote
3
Question
What is a totipotent cell?
Page 2
Answer
Cell capable of forming a complete organism
4
Question
What are the main steps in the fertilization process?
Page 2
Answer
Penetration of corona radiata, zona pellucida, and membrane fusion
5
Question
How long does the fertilization process last?
Page 2
Answer
12-24 hours
6
Question
What initiates approximately 12 hours after fertilization?
Page 3
Answer
Cleavage or segmentation
7
Question
What are blastomeres?
Page 3
Answer
Cells formed by mitotic division of the zygote
8
Question
What is the morula?
Page 3
Answer
16-cell stage embryo from cleavage
9
Question
During which days does cleavage occur?
Page 3
Answer
Days 1 to 3
10
Question
Does the total size change during cleavage?
Page 3
Answer
No, it maintains the original zygote size
11
Question
When does the morula enter the uterine cavity?
Page 4
Answer
Around day 3
12
Question
What happens to morula cells around day 3?
Page 4
Answer
They compact and begin to differentiate
13
Question
What protects the morula during its travel?
Page 4
Answer
Zona pellucida
14
Question
How many cells does the morula typically contain?
Page 4
Answer
16-32 cells
15
Question
What is the structure of the morula?
Page 4
Answer
Solid and spherical
16
Question
When does the blastocyst form?
Page 5
Answer
Between days 4 and 5
17
Question
What is the blastocoel?
Page 5
Answer
Fluid-filled cavity in the blastocyst
18
Question
What is the embryoblast?
Page 5
Answer
Inner cell mass that forms the embryo
19
Question
What structures does the embryoblast give rise to?
Page 5
Answer
Embryo, amnion, and yolk sac
20
Question
What is the trophoblast?
Page 5
Answer
Outer layer that forms chorion and placenta
21
Question
When does initial implantation begin?
Page 6
Answer
Day 6
22
Question
Where does the blastocyst adhere during implantation?
Page 6
Answer
Endometrium of the uterus
23
Question
What are the two layers the trophoblast differentiates into?
Page 6
Answer
Cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast
24
Question
What hormone does the syncytiotrophoblast produce?
Page 6
Answer
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
25
Question
What is the role of hCG in pregnancy?
Page 6
Answer
Maintains corpus luteum and sustains gestation
26
Question
When does the embryoblast reorganize into a bilaminar disc?
Page 7
Answer
Days 7 and 8
27
Question
What is the epiblast?
Page 7
Answer
Dorsal layer that forms the trilaminar embryo
28
Question
What is the hypoblast?
Page 7
Answer
Ventral layer that forms the exocoelomic membrane
29
Question
What is the amniotic cavity?
Page 7
Answer
Space within the epiblast protecting the embryo
30
Question
What is the primary yolk sac?
Page 7
Answer
Structure that nourishes the early embryo