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Civics Essentials Flashcards
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1
Question
What are civil liberties?
Page 1
Answer
Individual freedoms protected from government interference, found in the Bill of Rights like speech and religion.
2
Question
Where are civil liberties primarily found?
Page 1
Answer
In the Bill of Rights.
3
Question
What are civil rights?
Page 1
Answer
Government actions ensuring prevention of discrimination and equal treatment under the law, based on the 14th Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause.
4
Question
What amendment provides the basis for civil rights?
Page 1
Answer
14th Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause.
5
Question
What is selective incorporation?
Page 1
Answer
Supreme Court applying parts of the Bill of Rights to the states through the 14th Amendment’s Due Process Clause.
6
Question
What case exemplifies selective incorporation?
Page 1
Answer
Gideon v. Wainwright.
7
Question
What is due process?
Page 1
Answer
Government must follow fair legal procedures and respect fundamental rights; procedural is how laws are enforced, substantive is what laws can do.
8
Question
What is the difference between procedural and substantive due process?
Page 1
Answer
Procedural: how laws are enforced; substantive: what laws can do.
9
Question
What is the Equal Protection Clause?
Page 1
Answer
States must treat all people equally under the law; used in cases like Brown v. Board of Education.
10
Question
What case used the Equal Protection Clause to end school segregation?
Page 1
Answer
Brown v. Board of Education.
11
Question
What is the Establishment Clause?
Page 1
Answer
Government cannot promote or establish a religion.
12
Question
What is the Free Exercise Clause?
Page 1
Answer
Protects individuals’ right to practice religion freely.
13
Question
What freedoms does the 1st Amendment protect?
Page 1
Answer
Freedoms of speech, press, religion, assembly, petition.
14
Question
What does the 2nd Amendment protect?
Page 1
Answer
Right to bear arms.
15
Question
What does the 4th Amendment protect against?
Page 1
Answer
Unreasonable searches and seizures.
16
Question
What protections does the 5th Amendment provide?
Page 1
Answer
Due process, double jeopardy, self-incrimination.
17
Question
What rights does the 6th Amendment guarantee?
Page 1
Answer
Fair and speedy trial, right to counsel.
18
Question
What does the 9th Amendment state?
Page 1
Answer
Rights not listed are still protected.
19
Question
What does the 10th Amendment reserve?
Page 1
Answer
Powers not given to the federal government to states or people.
20
Question
What clauses are in the 14th Amendment relevant here?
Page 1
Answer
Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses.
21
Question
Which amendments expanded voting rights?
Page 1
Answer
15th, 19th, 24th, 26th.
22
Question
What ended 'separate but equal' in the Civil Rights Movement?
Page 1
Answer
Brown v. Board of Education.
23
Question
What did MLK defend in Letter from Birmingham Jail?
Page 1
Answer
Nonviolent protest.
24
Question
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ban?
Page 1
Answer
Segregation and discrimination.
25
Question
What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 ban?
Page 1
Answer
Literacy tests and expanded voter protection.
26
Question
What was the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)?
Page 1
Answer
Proposed to guarantee gender equality; failed ratification before deadline.
27
Question
When is speech limited according to Schenck v. U.S.?
Page 1
Answer
When it creates a 'clear and present danger'.
28
Question
What is symbolic speech protected under?
Page 1
Answer
Tinker v. Des Moines, if not disruptive.
29
Question
What is prior restraint?
Page 1
Answer
Blocking publication; unconstitutional per New York Times v. U.S.
30
Question
What did Engel v. Vitale rule about school prayer?
Page 2
Answer
Violates the Establishment Clause.