/
AI Flashcards
Save to my account
Sign up
AI Flashcards
Biochemical Energy and Metabolism Basics
Study
1
Question
What is metabolism?
Page 1
Answer
The totality of biochemical reactions within a living organism, providing energy and materials for life processes.
2
Question
Distinguish between catabolism and anabolism with examples.
Page 1
Answer
Catabolism breaks down large molecules to release energy (e.g., glucose oxidation); anabolism builds small molecules into larger ones using energy (e.g., protein synthesis from amino acids).
3
Question
True or False: Catabolic processes typically require an input of energy.
Page 1
Answer
False. Catabolic processes release energy.
4
Question
What is the primary objective of catabolic pathways?
Page 1
Answer
Production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the universal energy currency of the cell.
5
Question
How many stages are there in the conversion of food energy to cellular ATP?
Page 1
Answer
Four stages.
6
Question
What is digestion in the context of biochemical energy production?
Page 1
Answer
An extracellular process breaking down complex food molecules into simpler units like monosaccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids.
7
Question
Multiple Choice: Where does acetyl group formation occur? A) Nucleus B) Cytosol and mitochondria C) Lysosomes D) Ribosomes
Page 1
Answer
B) Cytosol and mitochondria
8
Question
What is formed when simpler units are oxidized and attached to Coenzyme A?
Page 1
Answer
Acetyl CoA, producing reduced coenzyme NADH.
9
Question
Where does the Citric Acid Cycle occur?
Page 1
Answer
In the mitochondrial matrix.
10
Question
What are the main products of the Citric Acid Cycle?
Page 1
Answer
CO2, reduced coenzymes (NADH and FADH2), and guanosine triphosphate (GTP).
11
Question
Fill in the blank: Stages 3 and 4 of energy production are known as the ______ Metabolic Pathway.
Page 1
Answer
Common
12
Question
What are the key molecular intermediates in metabolism?
Page 1
Answer
Adenosine phosphates (ATP, ADP, AMP), electron carriers (NAD+/NADH, FAD/FADH2), and acetyl group carrier Coenzyme A.
13
Question
True or False: Anabolism increases molecule size.
Page 2
Answer
True.
14
Question
What is the function of the nucleus?
Page 2
Answer
Contains DNA and is the site of DNA replication and RNA synthesis.
15
Question
Multiple Choice: Which component forms the cellular boundary? A) Cytoplasm B) Plasma membrane C) Ribosomes D) Lysosomes
Page 2
Answer
B) Plasma membrane
16
Question
What is the cytoplasm?
Page 2
Answer
The water-based material between the nucleus and plasma membrane, containing cytosol and organelles.
17
Question
Where does protein synthesis occur?
Page 2
Answer
At ribosomes.
18
Question
What do lysosomes contain?
Page 2
Answer
Hydrolytic enzymes for cellular rebuilding, repair, and degradation.
19
Question
What are metabolic pathways?
Page 2
Answer
Sequences of consecutive biochemical reactions converting a starting material into a final product; can be linear or cyclic.
20
Question
True or False: In a cyclic metabolic pathway, the initial reactant is regenerated.
Page 2
Answer
True.
21
Question
What is the primary function of mitochondria?
Page 2
Answer
Generating most of the cell's energy (ATP).
22
Question
Describe the outer membrane of the mitochondrion.
Page 2
Answer
Freely permeable to small molecules, composed of 50% lipid and 50% protein.
23
Question
Fill in the blank: The inner mitochondrial membrane is composed of about __% lipid and __% protein.
Page 2
Answer
20% lipid and 80% protein
24
Question
What are cristae?
Page 2
Answer
Folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane that increase surface area for metabolic reactions.
25
Question
What is the intermembrane space?
Page 2
Answer
The region between the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes.
26
Question
Where are the enzymes for the Citric Acid Cycle located?
Page 2
Answer
In the mitochondrial matrix.
27
Question
What is the role of ATP synthase complexes?
Page 2
Answer
Synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi, driven by proton flow.
28
Question
Multiple Choice: What type of bonds in ATP are high-energy? A) Phosphoanhydride bonds B) Hydrogen bonds C) Covalent bonds D) Ionic bonds
Page 3
Answer
A) Phosphoanhydride bonds
29
Question
What is the structure of adenosine phosphates?
Page 3
Answer
Adenine, ribose sugar, and one to three phosphate groups.
30
Question
Write the hydrolysis reaction for ATP.
Page 3
Answer
ATP + H₂O → ADP + Pi + H⁺ + energy