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Intergroup Relations Essentials
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1
Question
What is social categorization?
Page 4
Answer
The classification of persons into groups on the basis of common attributes.
2
Question
Why is social categorization adaptive?
Page 4
Answer
It allows us to form impressions quickly and use experience to guide new interactions.
3
Question
What are ingroups?
Page 5
Answer
Groups with which an individual feels a sense of membership, belonging, and identity.
4
Question
What are outgroups?
Page 5
Answer
Groups with which an individual does not feel a sense of membership, belonging, or identity.
5
Question
What is the outgroup homogeneity effect?
Page 5
Answer
The tendency to assume greater similarity among members of outgroups than among members of ingroups.
6
Question
What is dehumanizing outgroups?
Page 6
Answer
Processing outgroup faces more like objects and lower-order animals than fellow humans.
7
Question
What is identity fusion?
Page 6
Answer
The sense of oneness that people may feel with a group, motivating helpful behavior even at personal risk.
8
Question
When do people reaffirm ingroup identification?
Page 6
Answer
When feeling threatened or uncertain, to feel more safe and secure.
9
Question
What is social dominance orientation?
Page 7
Answer
A desire to see one’s ingroup as dominant over other groups and willingness to adopt values facilitating oppression.
10
Question
What is system justification theory?
Page 7
Answer
A theory proposing people are motivated to defend and justify existing social, political, and economic conditions.
11
Question
What is the stereotype content model?
Page 7
Answer
A model proposing relative status and competition influence group stereotypes along competence and warmth dimensions.
12
Question
How does relative status influence stereotypes in the stereotype content model?
Page 7
Answer
Higher relative status is associated with higher competence.
13
Question
How does perceived competition influence stereotypes in the stereotype content model?
Page 7
Answer
Greater perceived competition is associated with lower warmth.
14
Question
What is a superordinate goal?
Page 9
Answer
A shared goal achieved only through cooperation among individuals or groups.
15
Question
What is realistic conflict theory?
Page 9
Answer
The theory that hostility between groups is caused by direct competition for limited resources.
16
Question
What is social identity theory?
Page 10
Answer
The theory that people favor ingroups over outgroups to enhance self-esteem.
17
Question
What are the two components of self-esteem in social identity theory?
Page 10
Answer
Personal identity and various collective or social identities based on group memberships.
18
Question
What is schadenfreude?
Page 10
Answer
The experience of pleasure at other people’s misfortunes.
19
Question
What are the main causes of intergroup problems?
Page 3
Answer
Intergroup, motivational, cognitive, and cultural factors.
20
Question
Which social categories dominate perceptions?
Page 5
Answer
Categorizations involving race, gender, and age.
21
Question
What benefits come from ingroup connection?
Page 6
Answer
Enhances sense of control, meaning, and psychological as well as physical health.
22
Question
What stereotype applies to low status but compliant groups?
Page 8
Answer
Low in competence but high in warmth.
23
Question
What stereotype applies to low status competing groups?
Page 8
Answer
Low in both competence and warmth.
24
Question
What trade-off exists in stereotypes for high competence groups?
Page 8
Answer
High competence may lead to perceptions of low warmth.
25
Question
How does social identity boost self-esteem?
Page 10
Answer
Through affiliation with successful groups even without direct benefits.
26
Question
Why might people belittle outgroups?
Page 10
Answer
To feel secure about their ingroup.
27
Question
What is the flip side of outgroup distrust?
Page 6
Answer
Positive feelings toward being part of an ingroup.
28
Question
What motivates intergroup dominance?
Page 7
Answer
Social dominance orientation.
29
Question
What influences warmth stereotypes?
Page 7
Answer
Perceived competition with the group.
30
Question
What reduces hostility between groups?
Page 9
Answer
Superordinate goals requiring cooperation.