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Philosophy Essentials Flashcards
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Philosophy Essentials Flashcards
Philosophy Essentials Flashcards
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1
Question
1. What does Philosophy study?
Page 1
Answer
Philosophy studies fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.
2
Question
26. What does the term “Epistemology” mean?
Page 2
Answer
Epistemology means the study of knowledge, its nature, sources, and limits.
3
Question
107. Can AI possess true knowledge?
Page 6
Answer
AI processes data like knowledge but lacks consciousness or understanding.
4
Question
68. Explain the concept of Being in Eastern Philosophy
Page 4
Answer
In Eastern Philosophy, being is interconnected, impermanent, and part of a unified whole (like in Buddhism, Taoism).
5
Question
87. What makes a government legitimate?
Page 5
Answer
Legitimacy comes from consent of the governed, rule of law, and protecting rights.
6
Question
73. Analyze how cognition relates to epistemology, perception, and reasoning.
Page 4
Answer
Cognition is mental processes; epistemology studies its knowledge; perception and reasoning are its tools.
7
Question
119. Give Definition of Human and explain it.
Page 7
Answer
Human is a rational, social being with emotions and creativity, capable of moral choices.
8
Question
109. If a robot could feel pain, should it have rights?
Page 6
Answer
Yes, if it feels pain, it deserves rights to avoid suffering, like sentient beings.
9
Question
7. Why does Descartes believe that Philosophy as a method of doubt and reason?
Page 1
Answer
Descartes believed philosophy uses doubt to find certain truths and reason to build knowledge from there.
10
Question
79. What is a Creativity?
Page 4
Answer
Creativity is producing original ideas, solutions, or art through imagination.
11
Question
20. Classify primary branches of Philosophy and explain their tasks.
Page 2
Answer
Branches: Metaphysics (reality), Epistemology (knowledge), Ethics (morality), Logic (reasoning), Aesthetics (beauty).
12
Question
82. What is the theory of Dualism in Philosophy?
Page 5
Answer
Dualism is the theory that mind and body are two distinct substances (Descartes).
13
Question
10. How does Religious worldview interpret our reality?
Page 1
Answer
Religious worldview interprets reality as created and governed by a divine being or spiritual forces.
14
Question
75. How does Mind work?
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Answer
The mind works through neural processes, combining perception, memory, and reasoning to function.
15
Question
97. What is the digitalization process?
Page 5
Answer
Digitalization is converting analog info to digital and using tech to transform processes.
16
Question
100. Can you envision Future Trends?
Page 6
Answer
Future trends: AI integration, sustainable tech, space colonization, and personalized medicine.
17
Question
117. How does “Cogito” mean according to Rene Descartes?
Page 6
Answer
'Cogito' means 'I think' in Latin; full 'Cogito ergo sum' is 'I think, therefore I am.'
18
Question
38. What does Normative Ethics investigate?
Page 2
Answer
Normative Ethics investigates standards for right and wrong actions and moral behavior.
19
Question
67. Explain the concept of Being in Western Philosophy.
Page 4
Answer
In Western Philosophy, being is the fundamental reality, often analyzed as substance or existence (Aristotle, Heidegger).
20
Question
89. How does the Concept of Progress define by Science?
Page 5
Answer
Science defines progress as advancing knowledge and solving problems through discovery.
21
Question
14. Can you explain the differences between Religious Worldview and Philosophical Worldview?
Page 1
Answer
Religious worldview relies on faith and revelation; philosophical worldview uses reason and evidence.
22
Question
32. How do you explain the Perception as source of knowledge?
Page 2
Answer
Perception is knowledge from senses like seeing and hearing, but it can be deceptive.
23
Question
114. Why do we need laws and rules?
Page 6
Answer
Laws maintain order, protect rights, and promote fairness in society.
24
Question
19. Classify scientific worldview criterions
Page 2
Answer
Criterions: empiricism, testability, falsifiability, objectivity, and reproducibility.
25
Question
51. Analyze the role of Consciousness in cognition, decision-making and solve problems.
Page 3
Answer
Consciousness enables awareness, reflection, and deliberate choices in thinking and solving issues.
26
Question
90. Classify key achievements of scientific progress.
Page 5
Answer
Achievements: vaccines, space exploration, genetics, renewable energy, and computing.
27
Question
45. What is the essence of Society?
Page 3
Answer
The essence of society is a group of people living together with shared norms and institutions.
28
Question
58. What is the Spirited Soul?
Page 3
Answer
The Spirited Soul handles emotions like courage, anger, and ambition (Plato).
29
Question
118. What is the Being of Kazakh people?
Page 7
Answer
The being of Kazakh people is rooted in nomadic heritage, resilience, and cultural traditions.
30
Question
83. Martin Heidegger believed that “Language is the house of being”. Can you interpret this statement?
Page 5
Answer
Heidegger means language shapes and reveals our understanding of existence.