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Gas Exchange Essentials
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1
Question
What is the cuticle of plants in relation to gas exchange?
Page 1
Answer
The cuticle is perforated with pores allowing gas exchange.
2
Question
What is a stoma in plant leaves?
Page 1
Answer
A stoma is an opening for gas exchange.
3
Question
Where are stomata located on leaves?
Page 1
Answer
Stomata are found on the interior part of the leaf.
4
Question
What causes a stoma to open in plants?
Page 1
Answer
Water and potassium inside guard cells cause the stoma to open, allowing CO2 entry.
5
Question
How do unicellular organisms perform gas exchange?
Page 1
Answer
Gases diffuse directly into the cell membrane.
6
Question
How does a worm exchange gases?
Page 1
Answer
A worm exchanges gases through its skin.
7
Question
What are spiracles in insects?
Page 1
Answer
Spiracles are tiny openings through which gases enter in insects.
8
Question
What gas exchange mechanism do fish use?
Page 1
Answer
Fish use the counter current mechanism.
9
Question
What gas exchange mechanism do birds use?
Page 1
Answer
Birds use the cross-current mechanism.
10
Question
What is the function of external gills in axolotls?
Page 1
Answer
External gills facilitate gas exchange in axolotls.
11
Question
What are the primary functions of the respiratory system?
Page 1
Answer
1. Respiration, 2. Olfaction (sense of smell), 3. Sound production.
12
Question
How is the respiratory system connected to olfaction?
Page 1
Answer
Connected via cranial nerve I, the olfactory nerve.
13
Question
What is another name for nostrils?
Page 1
Answer
Nostrils are also known as nares.
14
Question
What is the function of cilia in the nasal cavity?
Page 1
Answer
Cilia filter the air in the nasal cavity.
15
Question
What do conchae in the nasal cavity do?
Page 1
Answer
Conchae humidify the air.
16
Question
What connects the nasal cavity to the ears?
Page 1
Answer
The Eustachian tube connects the nasal cavity to the ears.
17
Question
What is the pharynx?
Page 1
Answer
The pharynx is the throat, a passage for both food and air.
18
Question
What are the three parts of the pharynx?
Page 1
Answer
Nasal pharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx (laryngopharynx).
19
Question
What passes through the oropharynx?
Page 1
Answer
Both food and air pass through the oropharynx.
20
Question
What is the larynx?
Page 1
Answer
The larynx is the voice box containing the vocal cords.
21
Question
What is the function of the epiglottis?
Page 1
Answer
The epiglottis is a flap that closes the larynx during swallowing.
22
Question
What is the trachea?
Page 1
Answer
The trachea is the windpipe.
23
Question
What are the four paranasal sinuses?
Page 1
Answer
1. Frontal sinus, 2. Ethmoid sinus, 3. Maxillary sinus, 4. Sphenoid sinus.
24
Question
What is ventilation in breathing mechanics?
Page 1
Answer
Ventilation is the act of inhalation and exhalation (external respiration).
25
Question
What is the normal inhalation to exhalation ratio?
Page 1
Answer
The normal ratio is 1:2.
26
Question
What muscle is responsible for breathing?
Page 1
Answer
The diaphragm is the muscle responsible for breathing.
27
Question
What happens when the diaphragm contracts?
Page 1
Answer
Diaphragm contraction creates negative pressure for inhalation.
28
Question
What happens when the diaphragm relaxes?
Page 1
Answer
Diaphragm relaxation creates positive pressure for exhalation.
29
Question
What pressure characterizes inhalation?
Page 1
Answer
Inhalation creates negative pressure (vacuum).
30
Question
What pressure characterizes exhalation?
Page 1
Answer
Exhalation creates positive pressure.