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Neuron physiology flashcards
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Neuron physiology flashcards
Neuron physiology flashcards
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1
Question
What is the typical resting potential of a neuron?
Page 1
Answer
-70 mV
2
Question
Which ion movement primarily causes depolarization?
Page 1
Answer
Na⁺ influx
3
Question
What mainly causes repolarization in an action potential?
Page 1
Answer
K⁺ efflux
4
Question
During hyperpolarization, what happens to the membrane potential?
Page 1
Answer
It becomes more negative
5
Question
What ions does the Na⁺/K⁺ pump transport?
Page 1
Answer
3 Na⁺ out, 2 K⁺ in
6
Question
What is the typical threshold potential of a neuron?
Page 1
Answer
-55 mV
7
Question
What voltage does the peak of an action potential usually reach?
Page 1
Answer
+30 mV
8
Question
What does the refractory period ensure in nerve conduction?
Page 1
Answer
One-way propagation of impulses
9
Question
How does myelin increase conduction velocity?
Page 1
Answer
By increasing membrane resistance
10
Question
What are the gaps between myelin segments called?
Page 1
Answer
Nodes of Ranvier
11
Question
What is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS?
Page 2
Answer
GABA
12
Question
What is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS?
Page 2
Answer
Glutamate
13
Question
Where does acetylcholine act mainly?
Page 2
Answer
Neuromuscular junctions
14
Question
Which ion triggers neurotransmitter release at the synaptic terminal?
Page 2
Answer
Ca²⁺
15
Question
What is the synaptic cleft?
Page 2
Answer
The gap between neurons
16
Question
Where are synaptic vesicles stored?
Page 2
Answer
Axon terminals
17
Question
What is the direction of impulse transmission in a neuron?
Page 2
Answer
Dendrite → Soma → Axon
18
Question
What is the main function of dendrites?
Page 2
Answer
Receive synaptic inputs
19
Question
What is the function of the axon hillock?
Page 2
Answer
The trigger zone for action potentials
20
Question
What is the role of the synaptic cleft in neurotransmission?
Page 2
Answer
It allows neurotransmitters to diffuse from presynaptic to postsynaptic neuron
21
Question
Which part of the neuron contains the nucleus?
Page 3
Answer
Soma
22
Question
What does the resting membrane potential depend primarily on?
Page 3
Answer
K⁺ permeability
23
Question
What is the approximate equilibrium potential for K⁺?
Page 3
Answer
-90 mV
24
Question
What does the Nernst equation calculate?
Page 3
Answer
Ion equilibrium potential
25
Question
What does the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation account for?
Page 3
Answer
Multiple ion permeabilities
26
Question
What happens if extracellular K⁺ concentration increases?
Page 3
Answer
The neuron depolarizes
27
Question
Why does the refractory period occur?
Page 3
Answer
Na⁺ channels are inactive
28
Question
When are action potentials generated?
Page 3
Answer
When membrane potential reaches threshold
29
Question
Where does saltatory conduction occur?
Page 3
Answer
Myelinated axons
30
Question
Why is the resting potential close to the K⁺ equilibrium potential?
Page 3
Answer
Because the membrane is most permeable to K⁺ at rest