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Abnormal Psychology 4 D's and Disorders
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1
Question
What is a psychological disorder?
Page 1
Answer
A pattern of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that are deviant, distressful, dysfunctional, or dangerous.
2
Question
What does 'deviant' mean in the context of psychological disorders?
Page 1
Answer
Different from cultural norms.
3
Question
What is the 'distress' criterion for abnormality?
Page 1
Answer
Causing personal suffering or upset.
4
Question
How does 'dysfunction' define a psychological disorder?
Page 1
Answer
Interfering with daily life.
5
Question
What does 'danger' refer to in the 4 D’s of abnormality?
Page 1
Answer
Posing risk to self or others.
6
Question
What are the 4 D’s of abnormality?
Page 1
Answer
Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction, Danger.
7
Question
What is the DSM-5?
Page 1
Answer
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th Edition).
8
Question
What is the primary purpose of the DSM-5?
Page 1
Answer
Provides criteria for diagnosis of mental disorders.
9
Question
What benefit does the DSM-5 provide for clinicians?
Page 1
Answer
Standardized, reliable criteria for diagnosis.
10
Question
How does the DSM-5 aid research?
Page 1
Answer
Helps with treatment planning and research.
11
Question
What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?
Page 2
Answer
Persistent, excessive worry about many aspects of life.
12
Question
What are common symptoms of GAD?
Page 2
Answer
Restlessness, fatigue, tension, irritability.
13
Question
What characterizes Panic Disorder?
Page 2
Answer
Sudden attacks of intense fear (panic attacks).
14
Question
What physical symptoms occur in Panic Disorder?
Page 2
Answer
Chest pain, dizziness, shortness of breath.
15
Question
What defines a phobia?
Page 2
Answer
Intense, irrational fears of specific objects or situations.
16
Question
How do phobias persist?
Page 2
Answer
Avoidance reinforces the fear.
17
Question
What is Social Anxiety Disorder?
Page 2
Answer
Fear of being judged or humiliated in social situations.
18
Question
What are obsessions in OCD?
Page 2
Answer
Repetitive, unwanted thoughts.
19
Question
What are compulsions in OCD?
Page 2
Answer
Actions to relieve anxiety, like washing, checking, counting.
20
Question
What triggers Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
Page 2
Answer
Trauma such as war, assault, or disaster.
21
Question
What are key symptoms of PTSD?
Page 2
Answer
Intrusive memories, nightmares, hypervigilance, avoidance.
22
Question
What brain areas are linked to PTSD?
Page 2
Answer
Overactive amygdala and low hippocampal volume.
23
Question
How does Acute Stress Disorder differ from PTSD?
Page 2
Answer
Similar symptoms but lasts less than one month.
24
Question
What is Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?
Page 3
Answer
Persistent sadness, hopelessness, loss of interest.
25
Question
What symptoms accompany MDD?
Page 3
Answer
Changes in appetite/sleep, guilt, poor concentration, suicidal thoughts.
26
Question
What neurotransmitters are low in MDD?
Page 3
Answer
Serotonin and norepinephrine.
27
Question
What is Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)?
Page 3
Answer
Chronic, low-level depression lasting 2+ years.
28
Question
What defines Bipolar I Disorder?
Page 3
Answer
Alternating manic and depressive episodes.
29
Question
What are features of the manic phase in Bipolar I?
Page 3
Answer
Inflated self-esteem, racing thoughts, risky behavior.
30
Question
How does Bipolar II differ from Bipolar I?
Page 3
Answer
Hypomania (milder mania) + major depression.