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Hepatobiliary Flashcards Core Concepts
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1
Question
What is the most common complaint in the hepatobiliary system?
Page 1
Answer
Abdominal pain
2
Question
At what bilirubin level does jaundice first become visible in the sclera or under the tongue?
Page 1
Answer
>2-3 mg/dL
3
Question
What is the bilirubin level at which jaundice becomes visible in the skin?
Page 1
Answer
>4-5 mg/dL
4
Question
What are the three components of Charcot’s triad?
Page 1
Answer
RUQ pain, fever, jaundice
5
Question
In a patient with painless jaundice without other symptoms, what are the primary considerations?
Page 1
Answer
Pancreatic head cancer or cholangiocarcinoma
6
Question
What causes painless jaundice in pancreatic head tumors?
Page 1
Answer
Obstruction of the biliary tree
7
Question
What is cholangiocarcinoma also known as?
Page 1
Answer
Klatskin tumor
8
Question
What does an ultrasound showing hyperechoic areas and acoustic shadow indicate in the gallbladder?
Page 1
Answer
Gallstones
9
Question
What is cholecystectomy?
Page 1
Answer
Surgical removal of the gallbladder
10
Question
What are the two approaches to cholecystectomy?
Page 1
Answer
Laparoscopic and open technique
11
Question
Why is preventing bile duct injury important in cholecystectomy?
Page 1
Answer
Risk to hepatobiliary tree like common bile duct
12
Question
What are the valves of Heister?
Page 1
Answer
Valves within the cystic duct regulating bile flow
13
Question
What is the ampulla of Vater?
Page 1
Answer
Where common bile duct and pancreatic duct join
14
Question
What is the fundus of the gallbladder?
Page 1
Answer
The widest, most distal part projecting beyond the liver
15
Question
What is the infundibulum of the gallbladder?
Page 1
Answer
A conical area present in 60% of patients near the neck
16
Question
What happens after the infundibulum in gallbladder anatomy?
Page 1
Answer
Neck of gallbladder then cystic duct transection
17
Question
What is ligated during cholecystectomy to minimize bleeding?
Page 1
Answer
Cystic artery
18
Question
How is the common bile duct formed?
Page 1
Answer
Common hepatic duct joins cystic duct
19
Question
What are cancers arising in the bile ducts called?
Page 1
Answer
Cholangiocarcinomas
20
Question
What is Strasberg Type A bile duct injury?
Page 1
Answer
Bile leak from cystic duct stump or small ducts in gallbladder fossa
21
Question
What is Strasberg Type B bile duct injury?
Page 1
Answer
Occlusion of part of biliary tree, often aberrant right hepatic duct
22
Question
What is Strasberg Type C bile duct injury?
Page 1
Answer
Bile leak from divided right posterior sectoral duct
23
Question
What is Strasberg Type D bile duct injury?
Page 1
Answer
Bile leak from main bile duct
24
Question
What is Strasberg Type E bile duct injury?
Page 1
Answer
Injury to main hepatic duct based on level
25
Question
What is Strasberg E1 injury?
Page 1
Answer
Injury >2 cm below the confluence
26
Question
What is Strasberg E2 injury?
Page 1
Answer
Injury <2 cm below the confluence
27
Question
What is Strasberg E3 injury?
Page 1
Answer
Injury at confluence with preserved left-right communication
28
Question
What is Strasberg E4 injury?
Page 1
Answer
Injury above or at confluence with no left-right communication
29
Question
What is Strasberg E5 injury?
Page 1
Answer
Injury to aberrant right hepatic duct and main duct
30
Question
What are the segments of the common bile duct?
Page 2
Answer
Supraduodenal, retroduodenal, infraduodenal, intraduodenal