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Biology Taxonomy and Microbiology Essentials
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Biology Taxonomy and Microbiology Essentials
Biology Taxonomy and Microbiology Essentials
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1
Question
What are the seven main taxonomic levels from kingdom to species?
Page 1
Answer
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
2
Question
What is the broadest taxonomic category after domain?
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Answer
Kingdom
3
Question
What taxonomic level groups organisms with similar basic body plans?
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Answer
Phylum
4
Question
What level includes organisms with shared traits like warm-bloodedness?
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Answer
Class
5
Question
What taxonomic rank organizes families into groups with similar lifestyles?
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Answer
Order
6
Question
What level contains related genera, like the cat family?
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Answer
Family
7
Question
What taxonomic category includes closely related species?
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Answer
Genus
8
Question
What is the most specific taxonomic level for organisms?
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Answer
Species
9
Question
True or false: Organisms in the same class must share the same order.
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Answer
False
10
Question
If Student A identifies to genus and Student B to class, who is more accurate?
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Answer
Student A, because genus is more specific than class
11
Question
Why do species have scientific names?
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Answer
To provide a universal, unambiguous identifier avoiding common name confusion
12
Question
What is a dichotomous key?
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Answer
A tool using paired contrasting statements to identify organisms step by step
13
Question
How do you use a dichotomous key?
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Answer
Begin with the first pair of descriptions and follow the branch matching the organism until identification
14
Question
According to phylogenetic trees, what traits do amphibians have that bony fish lack?
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Answer
Limbs, lungs, and ability to live on land
15
Question
Name three differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Answer
Prokaryotes lack nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; smaller size; simpler structure
16
Question
What is a key structural difference in prokaryotic cells?
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Answer
No true nucleus; DNA in nucleoid region
17
Question
Why are prokaryotes generally smaller than eukaryotes?
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Answer
Lack of membrane-bound organelles limits complexity and size
18
Question
List four characteristics shared by all bacteria.
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Answer
Unicellular, prokaryotic, reproduce by binary fission, have cell walls
19
Question
What is the primary reproductive method of bacteria?
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Answer
Binary fission
20
Question
Why do all bacteria have cell walls?
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Answer
For protection and maintaining shape
21
Question
List the four characteristics used to classify bacteria.
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Answer
Shape, cell wall structure (Gram stain), metabolic needs, genetic traits
22
Question
What bacterial shape is spherical?
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Answer
Cocci
23
Question
What bacterial shape is rod-like?
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Answer
Bacilli
24
Question
A rod-shaped chain of bacterial cells lives on the sea bottom; name two terms.
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Answer
Bacilli (shape), streptobacilli (chain arrangement)
25
Question
What does the Gram stain detect?
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Answer
Cell wall peptidoglycan thickness
26
Question
What does purple mean in Gram staining?
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Answer
Gram-positive (thick peptidoglycan wall)
27
Question
What does pink mean in Gram staining?
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Answer
Gram-negative (thin peptidoglycan, outer membrane)
28
Question
What’s the difference between heterotroph and autotroph?
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Answer
Heterotrophs consume organic matter; autotrophs produce own food via photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
29
Question
Name a bacterial autotroph example.
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Answer
Cyanobacteria (photosynthetic)
30
Question
Describe three helpful uses of bacteria.
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Answer
Nitrogen fixation in soil, decomposition, yogurt production