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Pneumonia Key Concepts and Classifications
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1
Question
What is pneumonia?
Page 2
Answer
Infection of the lung parenchyma
2
Question
What are the main causative agents of infectious pneumonia?
Page 2
Answer
Bacteria, viruses, fungi
3
Question
What category of causative agents includes non-infectious pneumonia?
Page 2
Answer
Non-infectious agents
4
Question
What defines Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)?
Page 3
Answer
Pneumonia in a person not hospitalized or in long-term care for ≥14 days
5
Question
What is the time frame for considering a patient not at risk for CAP?
Page 3
Answer
Not hospitalized or residing in long-term care for ≥14 days
6
Question
What is Nosocomial or Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)?
Page 3
Answer
Pneumonia occurring ≥48 hours post admission
7
Question
What time threshold defines Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)?
Page 3
Answer
≥48 hours after hospital admission
8
Question
What is Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP)?
Page 3
Answer
Pneumonia arising more than 48–72 hours after endotracheal intubation
9
Question
What is the time frame for Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP)?
Page 3
Answer
More than 48–72 hours after endotracheal intubation
10
Question
What defines Health Care Associated Pneumonia (HCAP)?
Page 3
Answer
Pneumonia in patients with recent healthcare exposure
11
Question
What is one criterion for HCAP involving hospitalization?
Page 3
Answer
Hospitalized in an acute care hospital for 2 or more days within 90 days of infection
12
Question
What is a residence-based criterion for HCAP?
Page 3
Answer
Resided in a nursing home or long-term care facility
13
Question
What recent therapy qualifies as a criterion for HCAP?
Page 3
Answer
Received recent i.v. antibiotic therapy, chemotherapy, or wound care within past 30 days
14
Question
What attendance-based criterion defines HCAP?
Page 3
Answer
Attended a hospital or hemodialysis clinic
15
Question
What reference supports the etiological classification of pneumonia?
Page 3
Answer
Clinical Infectious Diseases 2000;31:347-82; Am J Respir Crit Care Med 153:1711-25, 1995
16
Question
What is a modifying factor for CAP from Am J Respir Crit Care Med 163:1730-54, 2001?
Page 4
Answer
Various risk factors altering pathogen likelihood
17
Question
What is bronchopneumonia in anatomical classification?
Page 5
Answer
Affects lungs in patches around bronchi
18
Question
What anatomical feature is primarily affected in bronchopneumonia?
Page 5
Answer
Patches around bronchi
19
Question
What is lobar pneumonia?
Page 5
Answer
Infection involving only a single lobe or section of a lung
20
Question
What defines the extent of lobar pneumonia?
Page 5
Answer
Single lobe or section of the lung
21
Question
What is interstitial pneumonia?
Page 5
Answer
Involves areas in between the alveoli
22
Question
Which lung structures are targeted in interstitial pneumonia?
Page 5
Answer
Areas between alveoli
23
Question
What is the main topic of page 6 in this document?
Page 6
Answer
Clinical presentation
24
Question
What is a risk factor for penicillin-resistant pneumococci in CAP?
Page 9
Answer
Age >65 years
25
Question
What recent therapy increases risk for penicillin-resistant pneumococci?
Page 9
Answer
β-Lactam therapy within the past 3 months
26
Question
What lifestyle factor raises risk for drug-resistant pneumococci?
Page 9
Answer
Alcoholism
27
Question
What health state predisposes to penicillin-resistant pneumococci?
Page 9
Answer
Immune-suppressive state
28
Question
What condition increases risk for multiple comorbidities leading to resistant pneumococci?
Page 9
Answer
Multiple comorbidities
29
Question
What residence increases risk for enteric gram-negative pneumonia?
Page 9
Answer
Residence in a nursing home
30
Question
What underlying disease raises risk for enteric gram-negatives?
Page 9
Answer
Underlying cardiopulmonary disease