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Intro to Computer Information Basics
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1
Question
What are the two possible states of transistors in computer processing?
Page 2
Answer
ON and OFF
2
Question
How does a computer represent all data internally?
Page 2
Answer
As a series of binary numbers (1s and 0s)
3
Question
What does a transistor value of 1 represent?
Page 2
Answer
It is ON
4
Question
What is the base of the binary number system?
Page 3
Answer
Base 2, using symbols 0 and 1
5
Question
How many symbols are used in the decimal system?
Page 3
Answer
Ten (0 through 9)
6
Question
What is a single unit of data in binary called?
Page 3
Answer
A bit, with value 0 or 1
7
Question
How many bits make up one byte?
Page 3
Answer
Eight bits
8
Question
What can one byte represent?
Page 3
Answer
One of 256 different symbols or characters
9
Question
What is a text code?
Page 4
Answer
A system using binary numbers to represent human-readable characters
10
Question
What is EBCDIC primarily used in?
Page 4
Answer
Older mainframe systems
11
Question
How many bits does standard ASCII use per character?
Page 4
Answer
Seven bits (extended uses eight)
12
Question
How many bits does Unicode use per character?
Page 4
Answer
Sixteen bits (two bytes)
13
Question
What does EBCDIC stand for?
Page 6
Answer
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
14
Question
How many characters can EBCDIC represent?
Page 6
Answer
256 (2^8)
15
Question
What is the full name of ASCII?
Page 7
Answer
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
16
Question
How many characters can standard ASCII represent?
Page 7
Answer
128 (2^7)
17
Question
What do the upper 128 ASCII characters handle?
Page 7
Answer
Special characters like accented letters from foreign languages
18
Question
How much memory does each character in a text file like 'Four score and seven years ago' use in ASCII?
Page 8
Answer
1 byte per character (including spaces)
19
Question
What is Unicode officially called?
Page 8
Answer
Unicode Worldwide Character Standard
20
Question
How many distinct characters does Unicode currently support?
Page 8
Answer
34,168 from 24 language scripts
21
Question
How many characters can Unicode handle with 16 bits?
Page 9
Answer
65,536 (2^16)
22
Question
Where does processing primarily take place in a PC?
Page 10
Answer
In the central processing unit (CPU)
23
Question
What role does system memory play in processing?
Page 10
Answer
It holds data and instructions for the CPU
24
Question
What are the two main parts of a CPU?
Page 11
Answer
Control Unit (CU) and Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
25
Question
What does the Control Unit do?
Page 11
Answer
Directs data flow through the CPU and to other devices
26
Question
What does the ALU perform?
Page 12
Answer
Arithmetic and logic operations
27
Question
What are registers in the CPU?
Page 12
Answer
Small memory areas that hold data and instructions during processing
28
Question
What is a machine cycle?
Page 13
Answer
A set of steps the CPU follows for each instruction
29
Question
What are the two smaller cycles in a machine cycle?
Page 13
Answer
Instruction cycle and execution cycle
30
Question
What is an address in memory?
Page 13
Answer
A unique number designating a location in main memory