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Research Process and Moral Cleansing Studies
Study
1
Question
What is the first step in the research process?
Page 5
Answer
Research question
2
Question
What is the second step in the research process?
Page 5
Answer
Generate hypotheses (specific, directional predictions)
3
Question
What does 'operationalise' mean in research?
Page 5
Answer
Define how to measure variables (what, how, who)
4
Question
In operationalising, what does 'who' refer to?
Page 5
Answer
Representative sample for generalisation
5
Question
What is the fourth step in the research process?
Page 5
Answer
Design experiment or correlation study
6
Question
What is the fifth step in the research process?
Page 5
Answer
Collect data
7
Question
What is the sixth step in the research process?
Page 5
Answer
Analyse data
8
Question
What is the seventh step in the research process?
Page 5
Answer
Draw appropriate conclusions (avoid overinterpretation)
9
Question
Fill in the blank: Threat to moral purity activates the need for physical _____.
Page 7
Answer
cleansing
10
Question
In Zhong & Liljenquist (2006) Study 3, what was the dependent variable?
Page 7
Answer
Preference for free cleansing gift (pencil or wipe)
11
Question
What was the pilot test result in the cleansing study?
Page 7
Answer
Preference for gifts about equal (pencil 53%, wipe 47%)
12
Question
In the moral cleansing study, how was moral purity manipulated?
Page 7
Answer
Write about ethical or unethical deed from past
13
Question
Who were the participants in the moral cleansing experiment?
Page 7
Answer
Ordinary individuals (undergrads)
14
Question
What is a between-subjects design?
Page 8
Answer
Randomly assign participants to separate groups
15
Question
In the cleansing study, what was the treatment group?
Page 8
Answer
Described an unethical deed
16
Question
In the cleansing study, what was the control group?
Page 8
Answer
Described an ethical deed
17
Question
How was data collected in the moral cleansing study?
Page 8
Answer
Participants wrote about event, then chose free gift
18
Question
In Zhong & Liljenquist (2006), what percentage took the wipe after unethical deed?
Page 9
Answer
75%
19
Question
In the cleansing study, what percentage took the pencil after ethical deed?
Page 9
Answer
62.5%
20
Question
What conclusion was drawn from the moral cleansing study?
Page 10
Answer
Accept hypothesis: threat to moral purity activates need for physical cleansing
21
Question
Why is random allocation important in between-subjects designs?
Page 10
Answer
Ensures groups are comparable, reduces bias
22
Question
Why not rely on intuitions for moral-physical link?
Page 10
Answer
Experimentation tests if it's real or just metaphorical
23
Question
What is a replication issue in the cleansing study?
Page 10
Answer
Failures to replicate; meta-analysis shows small effect size (Lee et al., 2024)
24
Question
Fill in the blank: The importance of the topic can bias evaluations of _____ studies.
Page 11
Answer
flawed
25
Question
In Wilson et al. (1993), what was the research question?
Page 12
Answer
Why do published studies on important topics often have methodological errors?
26
Question
What was the hypothesis in the topic importance study?
Page 12
Answer
Importance of research topic increases chance of publication
27
Question
In Wilson et al. (1993), what was measured as dependent variable?
Page 12
Answer
Reviewers’ decisions on publishability (9-point scale)
28
Question
Who were participants in the biasing effect study?
Page 12
Answer
Research psychologists, APA journal editors, medical faculty
29
Question
What is a within-subjects design?
Page 13
Answer
Every participant serves in all conditions
30
Question
In the topic importance study, how many flawed studies per participant?
Page 13
Answer
6 (3 important, 3 unimportant)