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Orthodontic Foundations and Occlusion
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1
Question
What is orthodontics defined as?
Page 5
Answer
Branch of dentistry concerned with facial growth, development of the dentition, occlusion, and diagnosis, interception, and treatment of occlusal anomalies.
2
Question
What aspects does orthodontics primarily address?
Page 5
Answer
Facial growth, dentition development, occlusion, and occlusal anomalies.
3
Question
How is occlusion defined in dentistry?
Page 7
Answer
The act of closure or state of being closed, referring to the relationship between maxillary and mandibular teeth in contact.
4
Question
What is static occlusion?
Page 7
Answer
The relationship of maxillary and mandibular teeth during maximum intercuspation.
5
Question
What is functional occlusion?
Page 7
Answer
The relationship of maxillary and mandibular teeth during various mandibular movements.
6
Question
How is normal occlusion described?
Page 8
Answer
The manner in which upper and lower teeth intercuspate with each other properly.
7
Question
What does the prefix 'mal-' indicate in malocclusion?
Page 9
Answer
Bad or poor, referring to poor positioning of the teeth.
8
Question
What is malocclusion?
Page 11
Answer
Misalignment of teeth within the arch and incorrect relation between the teeth of the two dental arches.
9
Question
What is crowding in orthodontics?
Page 10
Answer
Teeth positioned too closely together within the dental arch.
10
Question
What is overjet?
Page 10
Answer
Horizontal distance between upper and lower incisors when teeth are in occlusion.
11
Question
What defines an open bite?
Page 10
Answer
Lack of vertical overlap between upper and lower incisors.
12
Question
What is spacing in dental terms?
Page 10
Answer
Gaps between teeth in the dental arch.
13
Question
What is overbite or crossbite?
Page 10
Answer
Vertical overlap of upper teeth over lower or lateral misalignment of dental arches.
14
Question
What example illustrates crowding and crossbite?
Page 11
Answer
Teeth overlapping irregularly with lateral jaw misalignment.
15
Question
What was the prevalence of acceptable occlusion in Egypt?
Page 12
Answer
26%.
16
Question
What is the prevalence of Class I occlusion in Egypt?
Page 12
Answer
Approximately 51.70%.
17
Question
What is the prevalence of Class II occlusion in Egypt?
Page 12
Answer
Around 15.40%.
18
Question
What is the prevalence of Class III occlusion in Egypt?
Page 12
Answer
About 6.80%.
19
Question
Why is malocclusion not considered a disease?
Page 13
Answer
It is a variation from normal, requiring risk-benefit analysis for treatment.
20
Question
What factors determine the decision to treat malocclusion?
Page 13
Answer
Benefits like improved function and aesthetics versus risks like caries.
21
Question
How does malocclusion impact dental caries risk?
Page 15
Answer
May reduce natural tooth-cleansing in susceptible children with poor diet, increasing decay risk.
22
Question
Is there a significant association between malocclusion and caries?
Page 15
Answer
No, research shows weak or no significant link.
23
Question
What role does individual motivation play in periodontal health with malocclusion?
Page 16
Answer
More impact than tooth alignment on effective brushing.
24
Question
How can malocclusion predispose poor brushers to periodontal disease?
Page 16
Answer
By hindering plaque control in unmotivated individuals.
25
Question
Which occlusal anomalies predispose to periodontal disease?
Page 17
Answer
Increased overjet, traumatic overbites, anterior crossbites, impacted teeth, displacement crossbites.
26
Question
How does crowding affect periodontal support?
Page 18
Answer
Teeth squeezed out of bone, reducing support.
27
Question
What is the association between increased overjet and trauma to upper incisors?
Page 19
Answer
Children with overjet >3mm are twice as at risk for traumatic dental injury.
28
Question
According to Nguyen et al., how does overjet size affect injury risk?
Page 20
Answer
Risk increases with larger overjet; >3mm doubles the risk compared to <3mm.
29
Question
What additional factor increases trauma risk with overjet?
Page 20
Answer
Incompetent lips, making protrusion more vulnerable.
30
Question
How does anterior open bite affect masticatory function?
Page 21
Answer
Difficulty incising food due to lack of anterior contact.