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Group 13 Chemistry Flashcards
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1
Question
What is the nature of boron in Group 13 elements?
Page 1
Answer
Non-metal
2
Question
What are the two isotopes of boron and their approximate abundances?
Page 1
Answer
B-10 (19%) and B-11 (81%)
3
Question
What is the chemical formula of orthoboric acid?
Page 1
Answer
B(OH)₃ or H₃BO₃
4
Question
What is the formula of borax?
Page 1
Answer
Na₂B₄O₇ · 10H₂O
5
Question
Which metal is the most abundant in the Earth's crust?
Page 1
Answer
Aluminum (Al)
6
Question
What are the primary ores of aluminum?
Page 1
Answer
Bauxite (Al₂O₃·2H₂O) and Cryolite (Na₃AlF₆)
7
Question
Describe the physical state and hardness of elemental boron.
Page 1
Answer
Black solid, extremely hard
8
Question
Why does boron have a high melting point?
Page 1
Answer
Due to strong crystalline structure
9
Question
What is the melting point of gallium?
Page 1
Answer
303 K
10
Question
What anomaly does gallium show in melting point compared to group trend?
Page 1
Answer
Low melting point despite high boiling point
11
Question
What is the general trend of atomic radius in Group 13?
Page 1
Answer
Increases down the group but gallium is smaller than Aluminium. B<Ga<Al<In<Tl due to 3d series introduction.
12
Question
Order the Group 13 elements by decreasing ionization energy.
Page 1
Answer
B > Tl > Ga > Al > In
13
Question
Order the Group 13 elements by decreasing electronegativity.
Page 1
Answer
B > Tl > In > Ga > Al big tits invite great ass
14
Question
How does density trend in Group 13?
Page 1
Answer
Increases down the group
15
Question
Order the Group 13 elements by decreasing melting point.
Page 1
Answer
B > Al > Tl > In > Ga bitch ass tullu in gallium
16
Question
What is the inert pair effect in Group 13?
Page 1
Answer
Increasing stability of +1 oxidation state down the group
17
Question
What are the oxidation states of thallium?
Page 1
Answer
+3 and +1 (with +1 more stable)
18
Question
Why is orthoboric acid slippery?
Page 1
Answer
White crystalline solid resembling carrom powder
19
Question
Is orthoboric acid soluble in water?
Page 1
Answer
Sparingly soluble
20
Question
Why is B in orthoboric acid electron deficient?
Page 1
Answer
Has only 6 electrons, incomplete octet
21
Question
How does orthoboric acid act as a weak monobasic acid?
Page 1
Answer
Accepts OH⁻ from water to form [B(OH)₄]⁻, releasing H⁺
22
Question
What holds orthoboric acid molecules together in solid form?
Page 1
Answer
Hydrogen bonding between layers and van der Waals between layers
23
Question
What type of bonding occurs in BH₃?
Page 1
Answer
Electron deficient, 6 electrons, forms bridges
24
Question
Describe the structure of diborane (B₂H₆).
Page 1
Answer
Two BH₃ units bridged by two H atoms, banana bonds
25
Question
What is the bond angle in terminal B-H bonds in diborane?
Page 1
Answer
Approximately 120°
26
Question
What happens when AlCl₃ undergoes hydrolysis?
Page 1
Answer
Forms [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ octahedral complex
27
Question
What is the geometry of [Al(OH)₄]⁻ formed in hydrolysis?
Page 1
Answer
Tetrahedral, sp³ hybridized
28
Question
Why are boron trihalides covalent and hydrolyzable?
Page 1
Answer
Electron deficient, monomeric Lewis acids
29
Question
What is the maximum covalency of boron?
Page 1
Answer
4
30
Question
What are uses of elemental boron?
Page 1
Answer
Bulletproof vests, aircraft materials due to hardness and low density