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Enzyme Science and Applications
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Enzyme Science and Applications
Enzyme Science and Applications
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1
Question
What is an enzyme fundamentally?
Page 1
Answer
A protein or protein-like organic compound with catalytic activity
2
Question
What role does the active site play in enzyme function?
Page 1
Answer
It interacts specifically with a substrate's functional group
3
Question
What intermediate forms when an enzyme interacts with a substrate?
Page 1
Answer
Enzyme-substrate complex [ES]
4
Question
Are the initial enzyme-substrate reactions reversible?
Page 1
Answer
Yes, they reach equilibrium
5
Question
What happens after the enzyme-substrate complex forms in the reaction?
Page 1
Answer
It undergoes an irreversible reaction to yield product and free enzyme
6
Question
What is the primary purpose of enzymes in reactions?
Page 1
Answer
To accelerate the reaction rate
7
Question
How are most enzymes named?
Page 1
Answer
Based on the reaction they catalyze, with suffix '-ase'
8
Question
What enzyme hydrolyzes amylose?
Page 1
Answer
Amylase
9
Question
What enzyme catalyzes the decomposition of urea?
Page 1
Answer
Urease
10
Question
What enzyme reacts with tyrosine?
Page 1
Answer
Tyrosinase
11
Question
What enzyme interacts with uric acid?
Page 1
Answer
Uricase
12
Question
What is a homogeneous phase enzymatic reaction?
Page 1
Answer
Soluble enzyme and substrate in a single liquid phase
13
Question
What is solid-state fermentation (SSF)?
Page 1
Answer
Process using solid substrate with moisture and microorganisms to produce enzymes
14
Question
Why is SSF considered heterogeneous?
Page 1
Answer
Involves more than one phase (solid substrate and liquid nutrients)
15
Question
What bioreactor is often used for SSF enzyme production?
Page 1
Answer
Tray bioreactor
16
Question
How are enzymes recovered in SSF?
Page 1
Answer
By collecting leachates from the solid media
17
Question
In heterogeneous enzymatic reactions, what is type II?
Page 2
Answer
Soluble enzyme interacting with insoluble substrate
18
Question
What is an example of type II enzymatic reaction?
Page 2
Answer
Amylase, lipase, and protease in laundry detergents
19
Question
What is type III enzymatic reaction?
Page 2
Answer
Insoluble enzyme (immobilized) with soluble substrate passing through
20
Question
Why are soluble substrates preferred in simple enzymatic reactions?
Page 2
Answer
Both enzyme and substrate in aqueous phase for ease
21
Question
In what industries are enzymes commonly used?
Page 2
Answer
Chemical, food processing, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals
22
Question
What is a limitation of enzymes at high temperatures?
Page 2
Answer
Denaturation occurs
23
Question
What type of enzymes have thermal tolerance?
Page 2
Answer
Those produced to function at relatively high temperatures
24
Question
Why are enzymes unstable in organic solvents?
Page 2
Answer
They destroy the protein's structural configuration
25
Question
How does pH affect enzyme activity?
Page 2
Answer
Maximized at optimal pH; sensitive otherwise
26
Question
What are amylases used for in food processing?
Page 2
Answer
Production of sugar from starch
27
Question
What enzyme is used for high fructose corn syrup?
Page 2
Answer
Amylolytic enzymes
28
Question
In baking, what do enzymes do to flour?
Page 2
Answer
Break down starch to monomeric sugars
29
Question
What role do yeasts play in baking with enzymes?
Page 2
Answer
Ferment carbohydrates to metabolites and CO2
30
Question
Why are proteases used in enriched flour production?
Page 2
Answer
To liberate folic acid or amino acids