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Nervous System Essentials
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1
Question
What is the primary function of the nervous system?
Page 2
Answer
Gathers information, responds to stimuli, and coordinates cells.
2
Question
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
Page 2
Answer
Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
3
Question
What does the central nervous system consist of?
Page 3
Answer
Brain and spinal cord.
4
Question
What role does the spinal cord play in the CNS?
Page 3
Answer
Acts as a bridge between the brain and body, and produces spinal reflexes.
5
Question
What is a reflex arc?
Page 3
Answer
Neural circuitry for independent spinal reflexes like pulling from heat.
6
Question
What is an example of a spinal reflex?
Page 3
Answer
Knee jerking or pulling away from a hot object.
7
Question
What is the function of the peripheral nervous system?
Page 4
Answer
Manages communication between CNS and the rest of the body.
8
Question
What types of nerves are in the PNS?
Page 4
Answer
Sensory nerves (to brain) and motor nerves (to muscles and glands).
9
Question
What are the two parts of the PNS?
Page 4
Answer
Somatic nervous system (voluntary) and autonomic nervous system (involuntary).
10
Question
What does the sympathetic nervous system do?
Page 4
Answer
Activates the body during stress.
11
Question
What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Page 5
Answer
Slows bodily functions and conserves energy.
12
Question
How do sympathetic and parasympathetic systems relate to emotion?
Page 5
Answer
Both influence emotion and stress.
13
Question
What cells transmit signals in the nervous system?
Page 5
Answer
Neurons, supported by glial cells.
14
Question
What are the main parts of a neuron?
Page 5
Answer
Cell body, dendrites, and axon.
15
Question
What is the shape and function of the neuron cell body?
Page 6
Answer
Sphere or pyramid-shaped, contains machinery to keep neuron alive and transmit messages.
16
Question
What do dendrites resemble and do?
Page 6
Answer
Tree branches that receive messages from other neurons and transmit to cell body.
17
Question
What is the role of the axon in a neuron?
Page 6
Answer
Transmits messages from the cell body, forms nerves in PNS.
18
Question
What insulates axons and why?
Page 6
Answer
Myelin sheaths, to speed up impulses.
19
Question
How do neurons communicate?
Page 6
Answer
Through synapses.
20
Question
What are the main functions of the brain?
Page 7
Answer
Stores memories, houses intelligence, center of emotions; controls thoughts, behavior, feelings.
21
Question
What are the three main sections of the brain?
Page 7
Answer
Hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain.
22
Question
What does the hindbrain control?
Page 7
Answer
Reflexive and autonomic behaviors.
23
Question
What does the forebrain govern?
Page 7
Answer
Complex behaviors.
24
Question
What structures are in the hindbrain?
Page 8
Answer
Medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum.
25
Question
What essential functions does the hindbrain coordinate?
Page 8
Answer
Respiratory rhythm, motor activity, sleep-wake cycles.
26
Question
Where is the midbrain located?
Page 9
Answer
At the top of the brainstem, connects forebrain and hindbrain.
27
Question
What structures are in the midbrain?
Page 9
Answer
Colliculi, tegmentum, and cerebral peduncles.
28
Question
Which cranial nerves originate from the midbrain?
Page 9
Answer
Oculomotor and trochlear.
29
Question
What do the oculomotor and trochlear nerves control?
Page 9
Answer
Eye and eyelid movement.
30
Question
What structures are in the forebrain?
Page 10
Answer
Cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland, and limbic system.