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Ophthalmology Flashcards
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Ophthalmology Flashcards
Ophthalmology Flashcards
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1
Question
Which part of the conjunctiva is primarily affected in inflammation confined to the conjunctiva attached to the posterior tarsal plate?
Answer
Palpebral conjunctiva
2
Question
Which retina region does not contain any ganglion cells?
Answer
Foveola
3
Question
What is the anteroposterior diameter of the adult human eyeball?
Answer
24 mm
4
Question
Which structure primarily provides resistance to aqueous humor outflow at the iridocorneal angle?
Answer
Trabecular Meshwork
5
Question
Retinal ganglion cells are not photoreceptors; what is their primary role?
Answer
Axons form the optic nerve transmitting visual information
6
Question
What is the primary use of the instrument shown (indirect ophthalmoscope)?
Answer
To provide a wide-field view of the retina
7
Question
Which artery is not a branch of the ophthalmic artery?
Answer
Transverse Facial Artery
8
Question
What is the most likely route of spread for an orbital infection to cause brain abscess?
Answer
Superior ophthalmic vein to the cavernous sinus
9
Question
A patient with eye symptoms shows down-and-out pupil due to nerve palsy; which nerve is affected?
Answer
Oculomotor nerve (CN III) palsy
10
Question
Which nerve fibers mediate pupil dilation in low light?
Answer
Sympathetic nerve fibers
11
Question
What is the typical presentation of ciliochoroidal detachment in this context?
Answer
Convex brownish mass in involved quadrant with shallow anterior chamber
12
Question
What is the initial treatment approach for ciliochoroidal detachment described here?
Answer
Pressure bandage and oral acetazolamide
13
Question
When is suprachoroidal drainage with air in the anterior chamber considered for ciliochoroidal detachment?
Answer
If persistence after initial therapy
14
Question
What postoperative complication is described as pupil block due to vitreous bulge after ICCE/ECCE?
Answer
Iris bombe with shallowing of the anterior chamber
15
Question
What can happen if pupillary block persists for 5-7 days after surgery?
Answer
Permanent peripheral anterior synechiae with secondary angle-closure glaucoma
16
Question
What is the initial management for pupillary block due to vitreous bulge?
Answer
Mydriatics, hyperosmotic agents (e.g., 20% mannitol), and acetazolamide
17
Question
What procedure is suggested if pupillary block is not relieved by initial therapy?
Answer
Laser peripheral iridotomy
18
Question
What is the correct answer to Question 7 regarding the solution given?
Answer
Vitrectomy
19
Question
What condition is defined as inflammation of inner eye structures with exudates in vitreous and chambers, sparing sclera?
Answer
Acute bacterial endophthalmitis
20
Question
What is the most common causative organism in acute bacterial endophthalmitis post-surgery?
Answer
Staphylococcus epidermidis
21
Question
What is the recommended intravitreal antibiotic first choice for endophthalmitis here?
Answer
Vancomycin 1 mg + Ceftazidime 2.25 mg
22
Question
What is the alternative intravitreal antibiotic combination if the first choice is not used?
Answer
Vancomycin 1 mg + Amikacin 0.4 mg
23
Question
What is the management for endophthalmitis if there is no improvement after 48-72 hours or severe infection with vision reduced to hand movements?
Answer
Vitrectomy
24
Question
What is the outcome if there is no light perception in endophthalmitis and eye is blind?
Answer
Evisceration
25
Question
Which organism is associated with late-onset postoperative endophthalmitis?
Answer
Propionibacterium acnes
26
Question
What is the definition of delayed onset endophthalmitis after intraocular surgery as described here?
Answer
Onset after 6 weeks with a slow, panuveitis-like picture
27
Question
What are granulomatous keratic precipitates indicative of in delayed onset endophthalmitis?
Answer
Granulomatous keratic precipitates on the corneal endothelium
28
Question
What is a common finding on IOL in delayed onset endophthalmitis?
Answer
Inflammatory deposits over intraocular lens (IOL)
29
Question
What is a characteristic fluorescein angiography pattern in cystoid macular edema after surgery?
Answer
Flower petal and honeycomb patterns
30
Question
What is the prevention strategy for cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery mentioned here?
Answer
Preoperative and postoperative use of anti-prostaglandin eye drops (e.g., indomethacin, flurbiprofen, or ketorolac)