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social work research exam 1
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1
Question
What is overgeneralization in everyday reasoning?
Answer
Drawing broad conclusions from too few cases
2
Question
What is selective observation?
Answer
Focusing on cases that support expectations, ignoring contrary evidence
3
Question
Define illogical reasoning as described in the text.
Answer
Jumping to conclusions that do not logically follow
4
Question
What does resistance to change entail?
Answer
Refusing to alter beliefs despite strong evidence
5
Question
What is adherence to authority?
Answer
Accepting information as true because an authority said it
6
Question
What is the purpose of the social scientific approach?
Answer
To reduce potential sources of error in everyday reasoning
7
Question
How is social science defined in this material?
Answer
Using logical and systematic methods to answer questions for inspection and evaluation
8
Question
What is descriptive research?
Answer
Describes situations, populations, or phenomena
9
Question
What is exploratory research?
Answer
Investigates new or poorly understood problems to generate ideas or hypotheses
10
Question
What is explanatory research?
Answer
Examines cause-and-effect relationships
11
Question
What is evaluation research?
Answer
Assesses whether a program, service, or intervention is effective
12
Question
What is deductive research?
Answer
Starts with a theory or hypothesis and tests it with data
13
Question
What is a hypothesis?
Answer
A tentative statement predicting the relationship between variables
14
Question
What are variables?
Answer
Characteristics that can vary (e.g., age, income, stress)
15
Question
What is an independent variable?
Answer
The factor presumed to influence or cause change
16
Question
What is a dependent variable?
Answer
The outcome being measured
17
Question
What does the direction of association specify?
Answer
Whether variables move together (positive) or in opposite directions (negative)
18
Question
What is measurement validity?
Answer
The extent measures indicate what they are intended to measure
19
Question
What makes a measure valid according to the text?
Answer
Relation to other valid measures and reputed correlates; not related to unrelated concepts
20
Question
Name the four validation approaches for measurement validity.
Answer
Face, content, criterion, construct validation
21
Question
What is generalizability?
Answer
Extent findings apply beyond the study sample
22
Question
What is sample generalizability?
Answer
Applying sample findings to the population of interest
23
Question
What is cross-population generalizability?
Answer
Generalizing findings from one group to other groups
24
Question
What does “operationalization” mean?
Answer
Turning abstract concepts into measurable indicators
25
Question
What is an operational definition of concepts/variables?
Answer
Clear, specific definitions of how each concept will be measured
26
Question
What are the levels of measurement mentioned?
Answer
Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio
27
Question
What is nominal measurement?
Answer
Categories with no inherent order
28
Question
What is ordinal measurement?
Answer
Ordered categories, differences not measurable
29
Question
What is interval measurement?
Answer
Equal intervals, no true zero
30
Question
What is ratio measurement?
Answer
Equal intervals with a true zero